故事結構、鏡頭設計、動畫語言與故事強度之敍事研究－以動畫短片《回憶積木小屋》為例

本研究針對日本短篇動畫《回憶積木小屋》進行文本敍事分析。利用內容分析法對故事結構策略、鏡頭設計、動畫語言進行編碼、統計，探討導演如何敍事、並運用上述敍事技巧提升故事及角色的張力。研究結果顯示《回憶積木小屋》動畫片符合Chris提出好萊塢動畫方程式的基本故事結構以及Todorov五階段敘事功能的結構。本研究依循拖多洛夫的五階段敘事結構。分別以路易斯．吉奈堤所定義的鏡頭運用、Chateau的鏡頭角度、Ward的鏡頭運動、Katz的鏡頭的觀點，分析導演加藤久仁生運用鏡頭計表達角色當下情境、想法，成功地把故事關鍵訊息傳達給觀眾。本研究並以動畫語言做為加強故事強度的技巧。經本研究統計「隱喻」、「符號」、「聲音」動畫語言相對於其他動畫語彙的使用次數較多，導演擅長運用「隱喻」的動畫語言來增加故事的張力，以及運用「穿透」強調當下角色的心情及反應，最後在將「符號」的動畫語言安排在劇情中的物件中，以表達的故事主人翁的心境。本研究成果可提供國內劇本寫作或動畫短片創作如何成功地傳達故事意涵以及有效提升故事的價值之參考。

關鍵字

動畫短片；敍事分析；動畫語言；鏡頭設計；故事結構

並列摘要

This research performs a narrative analysis for the Japanese anime ＂La maison en petits cubes＂. By using content analysis, encode and count method, for the story structure strategy, lens design, animation language to discuss how the director narrates the story and enhances the story intensity. The result of this research shows that the anime accords the basic story structure of the Hollywood animation formula proposed by Chris Patmore; and the Todorov's 5 steps of story structure. In the initial equilibrium state of the story beginning, the director mostly adopts the unfocused narrative; In the steps 2 to 4 of the story, the director uses the internal focalization lens to express the character's inner emotions and ideas and tries to communicate for the key message of the story with the audience by using the external focalization lens in step 5. The director also combines the lens and animation language in his narrative skills. Through this research, we statistic the frequency of animation languages applied in story and find that the director uses the ＂metaphor＂, ＂symbol＂, and ＂sound＂ many times to improve the story strength. The director is good at using ＂metaphor＂ animation language to increase the tension of the story, and ＂penetrating＂ to emphasize the mood and emotional reaction of the character, and finally arranging the ＂symbol＂ into the plot to express the life situation of the character that successfully conveys the meaning of the story and effectively enhances the value of the story. The research results can provide references for script writing or animation short film creation.