论梁启超1899－1903年间的国家学说

On Liang Qichao's Theory of the State from 1899 to 1903

吴嘉勋(Jiaxun Wu)

《天禄论丛：中国研究图书馆员学会学刊（简体中文）》 4卷 (2014/03) Pp. 110-131

摘要

本文认为，1899年至1903年期间，梁启超形成了自己的国家学说。这一学说主要包括四条主线。一，以除旧布新的过渡时代论作为激进改革的依据。二，以三权分立的君主立宪制作为政体奋斗目标。三，以国家主权与人民主权相结合作为维护民族独立的主权理论。四，以新民道路作为挽救国家危亡，求得国家之进步的主要方式。梁启超的这一贡献，奠定了他在中国近代思想史上启蒙思想家的历史地位。

關鍵字

梁启超 ； 国家学说 ； 过渡时代论 ； 君主立宪制 ； 专制主义 ； 国家主权 ； 人民主权 ； 新民 ； 国民

並列摘要

The paper argues that from 1899 to 1903, Liang Qichao developed his own theory of the state. This theory mainly includes four parts: First, the theory of the transitional era emphasizing ＂out with the old, in with the new＂ is now the foundation for the radical reform. Second, the constitutional monarchy with the separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers is the goal of the form of the government. Third, the combination of the state sovereignty and popular sovereignty has been used as a new sovereignty theory for defending national independence. Fourth, the road of the ＂New Citizen＂ has been chosen as the chief method for saving the country from perils and seeking the progress for the nation. The contributions of Liang Qi chao on the theory of the state laid the foundation for his historical status as a thinker of the enlightenment in the intellectual history of modern China.

並列關鍵字

Liang Qichao ； Theory of the State ； Theory of the Transitional Age ； the Constitutional Monarchy ； Despotism ； the State Sovereignty ； the Popular Sovereignty ； New People ； Nationals