論建構社會安全之治安維護網－從風險社會下之隨機殺人案談起

社會學家認為我們正處在一個風險社會，到處充滿著不確定感。特別是近年來台灣隨機殺人案件頻傳，時間也越來越近，不禁要問：為何近年來一再發生此類事件，又要如何防範？從日本研究發現，在疏離社會中，因缺乏愛與關懷而加深孤立感，導致對社會不滿之心理結構改變；再者，因網際網路發達導致游離靈魂增加，以及容易產生模仿效應；加上都市化結果，充斥著不熟悉的人時，對他人感受毫不關心，因此當殺害不特定人時，心理抗拒也會消失；若在配合現今社會經濟結構的變遷，導致階級流動不易，無望的人將更多。面對上開現象，刑事司法機關作為五大社會安全網絡中之治安維護網，應如何有效建構，以防制隨機殺人，本文認為，短期作為可持續提高見警率以安民心、加強教育刑事司法人員對高危機者之辨識、運用退休刑事司法體系人士、強化校園安全防護作為；中期作為可建構「衛政結合社政」模式、研擬相當作業程序及應變手冊、將心比心回應被害人需求、結合相關單位共同防處；長期作為可強化被害預防、持續推動社區營造讓社區長出支持力量、推動家人彼此關懷月等。

關鍵字

風險管理；隨機殺人；被害預防；社會安全網

並列摘要

Sociologists believe that we are in a risk society and uncertainty is all around. Irregular homicide cases, which emerge recently and frequently, in particular, also make one wonders about some cases, and irregular homicide is a representative example, why occurrence amount has increased massively over the years and how the prevention could make a difference. A Japanese research shows that residents who lacks love and care would breed resentful emotions in society; And then, the developed internet also bring the increasing number of isolated souls and copycats; With effect of urbanization, the unknowns all around and no care about other people could lead to a psychological non-resistance while operate an irregular homicide; Besides, the change of social structure generates little class mobility and more hopeless groups. To all these above, criminal justice authorization, which gives full play to the role of security network, should effectively draw up a plan in order to prevent irregular homicide. The study considers three phases to action in dimension above. First, the short-term action could include a continuous improvement in police visibility, an enhancement to capacity of discernment of criminal-judicial officials to high-risk group, to better use of retired criminal-judicial officials and to better safety guard in campus; Second, the mid-term action could include a construction of Integration between Social-welfare and Health System Mode, a discussion and formulation of working progress and urgency guidebook, a respondence to victims by feeling for others; Third and final phase, long-term action includes an enhancement of victimization prevention, a continuous improvement of growth in community support and the Month in the name of Family-member-care-each-other.