實驗生態系多樣性與穩定性關係的研究　I. 棲羣的持續性

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY AND STABILITY IN THE LABORATORY ECOSYSTEM I. Persistency of Community

賴宗賢(Chung-Hsien Lai) ； 吉田敏治(Tohsiharu Yoshida)

《中華昆蟲》 9卷2期 (1989/09) Pp. ap4+169-187

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1989016

摘要

由四種寄主或由一種寄主與三種寄生蜂組成的不同生態系統，其各棲羣（community）的持續性（persistence）以三種寄生蜂同時導入的組合是所有生態系統中最低的，兩種寄生蜂共存的組合次之，一種寄生蜂單獨存在者最高。在僅含一種寄生蜂的組合中，四種寄主的棲羣與一種寄主的棲羣之間，其持續性看不出有實質上的差異；可是當寄生蜂種數增多時，持續性並沒有比單純棲羣來得高。寄主種數增加或增多寄生蜂的種數所引起的多樣性並不能提高棲羣的穩定性（stability）。生產者（resource）－初級消費者（herbivore）－次級消費者（carnivore）組成的室內實驗生態系（ecosystem）中，次級營養階層或中高級營養階層的多樣性似乎不能提高生態系的穩定性。

並列摘要

Considerable studies argued that increased complexity enhance ecosystem stability, but recent researches came to opposite conclusion. The purpose of this study is trying to clarify the ecological issue. Four hosts, Sitophilus oryzae (SO), S. zeamais (SZ), Callosobruchus chinensis (CC) and Rhyeopertha dominica (RD), and three their parasitoids, Anisopteromalus calandrae (A), Chaetospila elegans (C) and Lariophagus distinguendus (L) were applied in various density combinations in the laboratory experiment at the condition of 30C, with 75% R. H. To increase the number of parasitoid species in an experiment system would reduce the persistence of the system. In systems with only one parasitoid and with several parasitoids, there is no significant relationship between the complexity of host species and the persistence of the system.