柑橘木蝨之生物防治II．亮腹釉小蜂與紅腹跳小蜂對柑橘木蝨之防治效果評估

Biological Control of Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina in Taiwan. Il. Evaluation of Tamarixia radista and Diaphoencyrtus diaphorinae for the Control of Diaphorina citri

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) ； 朱耀沂(Yau-I Chu) ； 古琇芷(Shiu-Chih Ku)

《中華昆蟲》 11卷1期 (1991/03) Pp. iv+25-37

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1991004

摘要

本試驗於1987年10月至1990年6月在臺中、彰化、高雄及屏東等地，共選定1處月橘(Murraya paniculata Linnaeus)盆栽、7處月橘綠籬及2處甜橙園(Citrussinensis Osbeck)，評估比較引進之亮腹釉小蜂(Tamarixia radiata (Waterston))與本地種紅腹跳小蜂(Diaphorencyrtus diaphorinae(Lin＆ Tao))在不同寄主植物與棲所環境下對柑橘木蝨(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)之防治效果。結果發現亮腹釉小蜂在較穩定之月橘棲所，可抑制柑橘木蝨族群呈低密度消長。紅腹跳小蜂對月橘棲所變動之適應力雖較強，但其被重複寄生率高達25.5-51.1%，且該蜂在中部地區2至5月發生少，因此對柑橘木蝨族群之抑制僅具部分效果。亮腹釉小蜂與紅腹跳小蜂在中部地區之發生盛期各異，當月橘棲所穩定時，在2-4月間對柑橘木蝨之總寄生率達80-100%，其餘月份介於32-80%之間。目前亮腹釉小蜂之重複寄生率為5.6%。甜橙園內施藥防治柑橘木蝨效果顯著，但亦使柑橘木蝨之被寄生率降至0-4.2%。不施藥甜橙園內寄生蜂對柑橘木蝨之寄生率雖可達15.5-4.6.7%，但每一根長10cm之帶芽枝條上仍有0.1-.0.4隻柑橘木蝨成蟲。

關鍵字

柑橘木蝨 ； 亮腹釉小蜂 ； 紅腹跳小蜂 ； 生物防治 ； 甜橙 ； 月橘 ； 重複寄生蜂 ； 種間競爭

並列摘要

The experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiencies of Tamarixia radiara (Waterston) and Diaphorencyrtus diaphorinae (Lin & Tao) against Diaphorina dtri Kuwayama. From October 1987 through June 1990, one site with pots of Murraya panictdata Linnaeus, seven sites of M. paniculata fencing , and two citrus orchards ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck) in Taichung, Changhua, Kaohsiung and Pingtung were investigated during the experiments. The results showed that the introduced parasitoids T. radiara is capable of keeping D. citri at low density under relative stable habitats where M. paniculata was alternatively or occasionally pruned. The indigenous parasitoid D. diaphorinae has adapted to unstable environments, however it only provides partial control on the psyllid due to 25.5-51 .1% of hyperparasitism throughout the island and the low density from February to April especially in central areas of Taiwan. In Taichung area, T. radiata predominated over D. diaphorinae, but the two wasps did not overlap in prevailing period, and their total percentage of parasitism were 80-100% from February to April and 32-80% for the rest of the year. At present, T. radiara has 5.6% hyperparasitism by the indigenous hyperparasitoids, and the percentage of hyperparasitism has been increasing gradually. The methomyl application in citrus orchard gave good psyllid control, however it also reduced parasitism to 0-4%. On the contrary, the parasitoids caused 15.5-46 .7% parasitism in the untreated citrus orchard with about 0.1-0.4 adult psyllids per 10cm length branch.

並列關鍵字

Diaphorina citri ； Tamarixia radiara ； Diaphorencyrtus diaphorinae ； biological control ； Citrus sinensis ； Murraya paniculata ； hyperparasitoids ； interspecific competition