中華瘧蚊（Anopheles sinenisis）之累代飼育及其生活史

A Laboratory Colonization of Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) and Its Life History

許弘嵩(Hong-Song Sheu) ； 葉金彰(Chin-Chang Yen) ； 王正雄(Cheng-Hsung Wang)

《中華昆蟲》 16卷4期 (1996/12) Pp. ii+231-242

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1996023

摘要

中華瘧蚊幼蟲在實驗室內飼育，l5 oC以下無法發育至成蟲;在20-35 oC範圍內，幼蟲期與蛹期會隨溫度之上升而縮短。在常溫(25-30 oC)下，幼蟲孵化後，發育至化蛹約需8-11日。飼有幼蟲之容積以200隻/450ml為最適密度，如換算成飼育盆底面積則為0.25隻/cm2;幼蟲飼育之密度越低，其蛹體越重，羽化之成蟲翅長亦有增加。雄蚊於入夜後在1 lux微光下有群舞交配的現象，但族群至少要15對以上，千驗室內以240對為佳。成蚊群舞的空間小於l5x20x25cm3，交配常不成功，在實驗室內飼育成蟲以60x60x60cm3，之容器最為容易交配且受精率較高。成蚊於羽化後第2日即開始交尾，第5日雌蚊的受精率達最高峰。受精的雌蚊，於飽血後2日，即開始產卵，2-4日達產卵高峰，且可持續產卵至第9日;雌蚊產卵時間多在6-9pm;吸食人土、牛血能使雌蚊卵巢達到充分的發育，有較高之產卵量;各孵卵之生殖週期，隨生殖吹數之增加而縮短，且產卵量及產卵率亦隨著產卵之孵次而遞減。產下之卵粒以10-15 oC貯存最為適宜，貯存時間不宜超過22日。卵粒之孵化以水流處理，可提升孵化率及縮短孵化時間。

關鍵字

中華瘧蚊 ； 群舞 ； 生殖週期 ； 孵化率 ； 受精率

並列摘要

n the laboratory, larvae of Anopheles sinensis kept below 15℃ couldn't survive to become adults. At 20-35℃, the duration of larval and pupal stage decreased as the temperature increased. Within a moderate temperature range (25-30℃), an An. sinensis larva needed 8-11 d to pupate. In a rearing tray, the most appropriate density for an An. sinensis to grow was 200 larvae/450ml water; in other words, 1 cm2 of the rearing tray bottom held 0.25 larvae of An. sinensis. When a larva was reared in a less dense tray, its pupal weight was heavier and the adult's wing longer. Male An. sinensis would swarm and mate if over 15 pairs were present under 1 lux of light after a dark period. The highest insemination rate appeared when 240 pairs were put together. If the cage space for them to swarm was smaller than 15×20×25cm3, then mating woruld usually fail. It was easiest to manipulate their mating in a 35×35×35cm3 cage. An adult started to mate on the 2nd day after emergence, and the insemination rate reached the peak on the 5th day. An inseminated female, 2 d post blood meal, began to oviposit until the 9th day, and had the highest egg production during 2-4 d post blood meal. The time a female laid its eggs was usually between 6-9 pm. If fed with human or cow blood, it would have a fully developed ovary and produce more eggs. The gonotrophic cycle shortened and the number of egg deposited decreased as reproduction parity increased. The most suitable temperature range for storage of deposited was 10-15℃, and the storage time could not exceed 22 days. The placement of eggs in stirred water increased hatchability and shortened the hatch time.

並列關鍵字

Anopheles sinensis ； swarming ； gonotrophic cycle ； hatchability ； insemination rate