臺灣六座國家公園螢火蟲相概要（鞘翅目：螢科）

A Synopsis of the Firefly Fauna at Six National Parks in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

鄭明倫(Ming-Luen Jeng) ； 賴郁雯(Jennifer Lai) ； 楊平世(Ping-Shih Yang)

《中華昆蟲》 19卷1期 (1999/03) Pp. v+65-91

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1999005

摘要

自1996年2月至1997年12月於台灣的六座國家公園及其週邊部份地區進行螢火蟲相調查。六座國家公園共紀錄45種螢火蟲，其中有3種是文獻紀錄分布有疑問者；新紀錄種較文獻紀錄增加28種，含9種分類未定種。各國家公園以玉山國家公園的25種最多，次為墾丁國家公園20種、陽明山國家公園17種、雪霸國家公園16種、太魯閣國家公園14種，金門國家公園只有2種。在文中以全島區域觀點來分析這些種類的時間與空間分布，並以此為基礎進一步討論其分布的限制因子與區系因素。在空間分布方面，以廣布型的種類最多，中北部型與中部型次之，南部與中南部型再次之，而北部型最少；海拔分布與水平分布的關連極大，中北部及中部種類以中海拔為主，北部及南部則都是低海拔種類，廣布種多數分布於平地至山地下層帶間；在時間分布上，可分為春夏型與秋冬型，如熠螢亞科、雙櫛角螢亞科、弩螢亞科及日行性或日、夜二行性與部分夜行性的螢亞科種類多屬前者，而多數夜行性的螢亞科則為後者；出現期型式的主要成因應為亞科級或屬級分類群間的親緣關係；在分布限制因子方面，地質史上的因素與現今各類環境因素皆有影響，以現今分布而言，最重要的因子可能為微棲所的濕度，此一因子不僅影響螢火蟲幼蟲本身，並影響其獵物豐度，然此一因子又深受植被影響；在區系要素方面，現階段的分析結果以上中印與下中印區的要素最大，次為東喜馬拉亞區與下滿州區，菲律賓系與上滿州系則較低。

關鍵字

臺灣 ； 螢火蟲相 ； 國家公園 ； 時空分布 ； 區系因素

並列摘要

A survey on the firefly fauna of six national parks in Taiwan was conducted from February 1996 to December 1997. At least 45 species of fireflies were recorded from six national parks, including 3 doubtful species and 28 newly recorded species, among which the taxonomic status of 9 species remained uncertain. There were 25, 20, 17, 16, 14, and 2 species each recorded from Yushan, Kenting, Yangmingshan, Shei-Pa, Taroko, and Kinmen National Parks respectively. Spatial and temporal distributions of those 45 species of fireflies were formulated and analyzed. Spatial analysis reveals a correlation between vertical and horizonal distributions. Most species restricted to central and north-central Taiwan are found in montane areas (1500-2500 m); locally distributed species appear in foothills (lower than 500 m); and widly distributed species can usually be found on foothills and submontane areas (0-1500 m) although the upper limits varied. Temporal distributions of emerging periods show two major peaks appearing in late spring and early autumn to winter. Adults of most species of Luciolinae, Psilocladinae, Ototretinae, and diurnal and diurnal-nocturnal Lampyrinae species appear from late spring to summer, and some extend to autumn. The nocturnal Lampyrinae species are found mainly from late autumn to winter. Emerging periods have profound correlation with subfamily- or genus-level taxa. The present patterns of spatial distribution were shaped by geological and various environmental factors. Humidity of microhabitat is probably the most important factor that affects both the immature stages of fireflies and their prey, and is influenced indirectly by vegetation. Preliminary analysis of zoogeographic elements of fireflies in Taiwan shows that the Upper- and Lower-Indochinese factors are the most important elements, while the Upper-Manchurian and Philippine factors are insignificant.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； firefly fauna ； national parks ； temporal and geographic distribution ； zoogeographic element