世界衛生大會(WHA)為了減少煙草危害,1996年5月提議煙草控制框架公約(Framework Convention on Tobacco Control - FCTC),至1999年5月,第52屆WHA決定啟動公約的談判,2000年10月談判正式開始,並於2003年5月21日第56屆WHA獲得一致透過。同年11月,中國成為第77個簽署國,並於2005年8月28日由全國人大常委會批准;2006年1月9日生效。締約國3年內要採取措施,5年內應採取適宜的立法、實施、行政和其他措施,並應進行報告。FCTC是在WHO主持談判制定的第一份條約,它重申人民享有最高健康水準的權利。FCTC是處理成癮物質的戰略,也是對煙草流行全球化的反應。締約方必須優先考量保護公眾健康的權利,並認識到煙草的種種危害。由於中國煙草業發達,吸煙人口眾多,中國的煙害防治政策是否就此順利推動,值得關注。由於公約屬於國際關係建構主義的範疇,本文在架構上,擬從芬尼莫爾的理論說明控煙公約的規範與理念,並從理論檢視中國控煙的理念與現實,最後指出中國控煙的內在矛盾。本文認為,FTCT作為世界各國廣泛接受的國際建制,透過觀察中國大陸對於FTCT的接受與內化的過程,檢視中國在國際理念與內部現實之間的動態轉變,作為個案得以瞭解中國加入多邊國際規範之後的思維與行為。
In order to minimize the danger of tobacco, WHA proposed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in May 1996. Till May 1999, the 52ed WHA decided to initiate the negotiation of FCTC. In Oct 2000, the negotiation officially began, and unanimously passed by the assembly on May 21st 2003 by the 56th WHA. In Oct 2003, China became the 77th signatory country, and the FCTC was verified by the standing committee of NPC on Aug 28th 2005, then became effective on Jan 9th 2006. The signatory country should take measures with 3 years, and adopt proper legislation, implementation administration and other measures with 5 years, and report the works. China has a developed tobacco industry and large smoking population, whether China's tobacco pollution prevention and control policies have been smoothly promoted in this regard is worthy of attention. This article considers that FTCT is an international institution widely accepted by all countries in the world. By observing the process of China's acceptance and internalization of FTCT, examining China's dynamic changes between international ideas and domestic reality, as a case study, we can understand China's thinking and behavior after enter into multilateral international norms.