立體書「場面」研究－以《西遊記》相關作品為例

A study on the spectacle of three-dimensional picture books: Examples from some related works of Journey to the West

王友輝(Wang, Yu-Hui)

《竹蜻蜓．兒少文學與文化》 5期 (2019/01) Pp. 51-114

https://doi.org/10.6738/bdclc.201901_(5).0002

摘要

2016到2017年之間，中國大陸幾家出版社，不約而同地以《西遊記》做為創作題材，陸續出版了四本大開本的立體書，包括了兩種《大鬧天宮》（2016）、《3D西遊記》（2017），以及《三打白骨精》（2017），為古典文學的當代改編，創造了新的可能性。亞里斯多德在《詩學》（Poetice）中提出關於悲劇的六大要素，其中opsis亦即英譯的spectacle，被認為是悲劇的重要元素之一，卻也被認為最不具備藝術性，因此討論的篇幅相當有限，僅是幾處的寥寥數語。而在華文的世界裡，此重要元素的翻譯，差異性也頗大，本文將採用「場面」一詞，主要是強調其劇場性的意涵。若以「場面」的概念觀看立體書，至少會包含了故事發生的空間景觀、故事場景中的人物，以及人物在場景空間中所建構的戲劇性活動畫面，換言之，是將文字所書寫的故事內容視覺化，以各種活動式的立體化技巧呈現出來，比起圖畫書或繪本的平面視覺，不但多了「立體化」的效果，更具備了劇場性的想像。本文的探討，將試以「場面」的概念來觀看前述《西遊記》相關立體書作品，企圖在版本的觀察中，凸顯「場面」概念在立體書作品中的當代性意涵，另一方面，也企圖略微添補亞氏千年前論及「場面」時，因無法預知後代舞臺面貌而忽略之劇場性意義。

關鍵字

立體書 ； 《西遊記》 ； 場面

並列摘要

Between the years of 2016 and 2017, several publishers in China simultaneously issued four grand picture books with the classic Journey to the West as the themes, which included two versions of Disturbing Heavenly Palace (2016), Three Dimensional Picture Book Journey to the West (2017), and Thrice Defeating the White Skeleton (2017). The events created some possibilities for the adaptation of Chinese classic literature. In Aristotle's The Poetics, opsis is one of the six major elements of tragedy. However, its English equivalence 'spectacle' is considered the least artistic thus scantly discussed in the thesis. In Chinese literary circle, the translation of this main element varies. The present article adopts the term 'spectacle' in consideration to stress its theatrical meaning. By applying the concept of 'spectacle' to view three-dimensional picture books, which at least involve the spatial scenes, characters in the story and the theatrical scenes constructed through the activities of the characters. In other words, it enables the literal story to become visualized, expressed by various three-dimensional techniques. Not only does it create visual effects, but also theatrical imagination. The article seeks to apply the concept of spectacle to view the above mentioned works of Journey to the West, and further manifest its meaning of modernity. Besides, it also aims to slightly supplement the shortage of Aristotle's thesis, which neglected the theatrical implications due to the ignorance of the appearance of stages in later ages.

並列關鍵字

three-dimensional picture books (pop-up books) ； Journey to the west ； spectacle