從兒童發展心理學的角度看華文世界的兒童文學創作

劉鳳鸞 ； 楊熾均

《兒童文學學刊》 6期(下) (2001/11) Pp. 175-195

https://doi.org/10.6739/ttchl.200111_(6b).0011

摘要

兒童的心理隨著年齡的增長而變化，如何使兒童的心智獲得健康正常的發展，是當代文化、教育界的重要課題。其實，除了透過學校的正規課程外，兒童還可以通過其他途徑去發展個人的心理，其中一個方法便是閱讀優秀的兒童文學作品。兒童在閱讀一些符合兒童心理的兒童文學作品時，不但容易產生共鳴，而且能夠潛移默化的功效。出色的兒童文學作家都擅於觀察兒童，掌握兒童的年齡特徵，創作出跟兒童心理相配合的作品；而優秀的兒童文學作品，無論是表達形式、內容主題和寫作技巧，都必須配合兒童心理發展的特質，引起兒童的閱讀興趣，從而使兒童閱讀後在身心方面得到健康的發展。本文以處於兒童期的兒童作為對象，試著從認知發展、道德發展和人格發展三個主要的兒童發展心理層面，以華文世界的優秀兒童文學作品為例，分析它們的表達形式、內容主題和寫作技巧，檢視它們有哪些地方符合兒童心理的發展層面，並闡述優秀的兒童文學作品怎樣協助兒童的心理發展，從而說明兒童心理發展學在兒童文學作品的創作過程中所佔的地位。此外，本文指出華文世界的一些兒童文學作品，在處理兒童的心理發展元素方面有良好的表現，並希望透過本文的分析，進一步喚起兒童文學創作者對兒童發展心理元素的注意。

並列摘要

Children's psychology changes as they grow up. How to facilitate children's all-round development is a major issue in contemporary cultural and educational circles. In fact, apart from formal studies in the school, children can also develop through other ways, one of which is studying good children's literature. When reading children's literature compatible with their stage of development, children will not only response well but will be influenced unconsciously. Outstanding children's literature writers are all good at observing children, grasping characteristics pertinent to their age, thereby creating works suitable for children's psychological growth. High quality children's literature must suit the characteristics of children's psychological development in terms of form, contents, and writing skills, arouse children's reading interest, thereby enabling them to develop healthily. From the perspectives of cognitive, moral and personality development of children, this paper aims at analyzing high-quality Chinese children's literature in terms of form, content, and writing skills. It examines aspects of the works which suit children's psychological development, and explicates how high-quality children's literature helps children in their psychological development, thereby illustrating the importance of child developmental psychology in the writing of children's literature. Moreover, this paper points out the adroitness of certain Chinese children's literature works in treating elements of children's psychological development. It is hoped that this analysis will raise attention of children's literature writers to elements of child psychology.