圖畫故事書中的諧擬

Parodies in Picture Stroybooks

林德姮(Lin Der-Heng)

《兒童文學學刊》 12期 (2004/12) Pp. 163-206

https://doi.org/10.6739/ttchl.200412_(12).0007

摘要

後現代思潮深深影響當代藝術，晚近兒童文學的創作自無法置身於外。其中最為明顯的特色－諧擬（parody），亦頻繁出現在當代圖畫故事書的創作中，使一向以學齡前幼兒或低年級兒童為主要讀者的圖畫故事書改變面貌。諧擬乃作家基於賞玩或逆反的目的而於形式或體裁上模仿他作，藉由對前文本（previous text）的扭曲、轉換達到諷刺、詼諧、荒謬的效果，而產生新意涵與新趣味的顛覆之作。本文觀察援用諧擬手法之圖畫故事書，概分為三方面略述其表現：一、古典童話諧擬：古典童話的解構與重構之間的遊戲，著重在角色重塑、改變人物互動模式與簡化情節的童話沙拉（Fairy-Tale Salads）為其常見模式。二、知識類書籍形式的諧擬：模仿知識書的行文範式，對於傳遞知識所採用的客觀、可驗證性與權威式敘事方式，提出揶揄、嘲諷，更於文學語言中，有意識的運用了非文學的語言，而使文學的敘事產生異質與多樣的活化風格。三、在圖像上諧擬藝術名畫：以安東尼‧布朗（Anthony Browne）的創作為例，說明諧擬名畫如何成為圖畫故事書的敘事引喻或敘事主題。在結論中，肯定圖畫故事書援用諧擬手法，建構豐富層次的文本意涵，拓展藝術表現空間，並提醒圖文創作者亦應小心拿捏兒童文學最後的底限，畢竟兒童才是童書真正的主人。

關鍵字

圖畫故事書 ； 諧擬

並列摘要

Contemporary art is deeply influenced by post modernism and contemporary children's literature is no exception. The usage of parody evidently occurs in the work of children's literature and has changed the appearance of picture storybooks. Parody is a style that imitates the form or the genre of an existing work to pay tribute to or to subvert the work. Such style twists and transforms a previous text to achieve irony, humor and absurdness, in order to create new meanings and pleasure. This article categorizes the techniques used in parody in picture storybooks into three kinds. First, fairytale parodies: this is a game, between deconstruction and reconstruction of a fairytale, that often rebuilds characters, changes their interactions and simplifies the plot, a fairytale salads. Second, information book parodies: this technique imitates the form of information books by using an objective and verifiable language in narration to show ridicule and irony. It also purposefully uses non-literal language in literature to create versatile styles. Third, famous painting parodies: the works of Anthony Browne are used to demonstrate how parodies of famous painting are employed to be allusions or themes. In the conclusion, parody usages in picture storybooks are asserted because this style constructs rich layers of textual meanings and develops more artistic expressions. However, picture storybook creators should be careful of using such style since the main readers of picture storybooks are after all children.

並列關鍵字

picture story books ； parody