開啟台灣客家兒童文學的視窗

Opening the Window of Hakka Children Literature in Taiwan

吳聲淼(Wu Sheng-meau)

《兒童文學學刊》 18期 (2007/11) Pp. 95-122

https://doi.org/10.6739/ttchl.200711_(18).0005

摘要

客家先民在台落戶後，遭逢許多天然、人為的生存威脅，且又多住山區，工作勞動量較大，平時只能以「口授相傳」的方式，在山歌、採茶戲等歌謠天地中自娛娛人。其後，歷經日據與國民政府統治時期，在國家政策及教育體制下，客家人融入「國語」的世界相當明顯；疏忽了其創新或吸收外來語素的前瞻性。客語在台灣並非強勢語文，文學界對於客家文學的專注也很少。近年來，客語的日漸流失令許多人憂心，因為新一代的客家人（兒童、青少年）對客語的掌握能力愈來愈弱了。直到「解嚴」後鄉土語言的開放政策，才有正面使用客語寫作或直接描繪客家的作家與作品出現。尤其是在1988年「還我母語」運動後，長期居於劣勢下的客語文化，有如雨後春筍般的出現，無論在品質或數量上均有可觀的成果。為了振興客語，讓客家文化傳承下去，地方政府投入許多力氣在客家兒童文學的推動上。而經過幾年的努力之後，客家兒童文學也的確交出一張漂亮的成績單，無論在童謠、童詩、兒童故事、少年小說、謎語、笑話、兒童戲劇、圖畫書等文類都有很好的發展。兒童文學原本就是教育性質濃厚的文學，政府藉由兒童文學的形式，達到推廣客語的目的，可說是客家文學及兒童文學的雙贏。若從台灣文學的脈絡看，這幾年台灣客家兒童文學的成果也是具有特殊意義的一頁。

關鍵字

台灣客家 ； 客家文學 ； 兒童文學 ； 台灣客家兒童文學

並列摘要

Settling in Taiwan, the early Hakka people encountered a great number of natural and man-made life threats. Most of them lived in mountain areas and they could only entertain people as well as themselves with folk songs and tea-picking dramas in oral passing. Later, after Japanese occupation and rule of Kuomintang government, under the national policies and educational system, it is very obvious to see that Hakka people blend Mandarin, ignoring the Hakka's innovation and absorbing foreign language elements. Hakka is not a powerful language in Taiwan with little concern in literature filed. In the recent years, the weakening of Hakka language made many people worry. New generation of Hakka people (children and teenagers) have increasingly weakening in language command. Only after the ＂lift of martial law＂ were we seeing authors with works in Hakka in the opening of local dialects. After the movement of ＂Returning the Mother Language to Me＂ in 1988, Hakka culture, having been oppressed for a very long time, sprouted with significant results in both quality and quantity. To promote Hakka and pass down the Hakka culture, local governments deaicated to promoting children literature. After efforts of several years, we see significant result s in children's ballads, children's poems, children stories, teenager novel s, riddles, jokes, dramas and books. Children literature is the literature with strong educational nature. The government achieves the goal of promoting Hakka with children literature. This is win-win situation for Hakka literature and children literature. Looking at the context of literature in Taiwan, achievements of children literature in Hakka in Taiwan have a special meaning, too.

並列關鍵字

Hakka in Taiwan ； Hakka Literature ； Children Literature ； Hakka Children Literature in Taiwan