日本群馬縣川場村地方振興案例之探討

Discussion on the Case of Regional Development in Kawaba Village, Gunma Prefecture, Japan

楊蓓涵(Yang, Pei-Han) ； 楊平安(Yang, Pin-An)

《社區永續觀光研究》 3卷1期 (2019/06) Pp. 17-38

https://doi.org/10.6744/SCTS.201906_3(1).0002

摘要

日本群馬縣川場村1955年人口為5,376人，此後人口逐漸減少，至1970年人口降到4,109人。1971年日本內閣自治省指定川場村為過疎地域。所謂過疎地域是指人口急遽減少、生活水準降低、生產機能維持困難、地方稅收減少、雇用不足的自治體。川場村自1975年起，為擺脫貧困狀態，開始實施一連串的措施，於2000年終於解除過疎地域的指定。本研究之研究目的為：（1）探討川場村自1975年採取脫貧措施起，至2018年的過程中，實施哪些重大的施政措施，引導川場村脫離貧窮；（2）了解川場村地方振興成功的關鍵因素；（3）對於川場村的地方振興事業發展變遷予以階段性的分期。研究方法為文獻調查與現地參訪。文獻調查方面，以官方文獻及一次文獻為主；現地參訪部分，於1999年6月28日及2005年8月1日至川場村及田園PLAZA參訪體驗，了解實際發展狀況。研究結果顯示，川場村的發展變遷可分為以下四期：（1）1975〜1980年，為「農業＋觀光」振興地方經濟草創期；（2）1981〜1991年，都市認養外部資源挹注期；（3）1992〜2005年，結合農業商業自立更生發展期；（4）2006〜2018年，結合林業振興全村田園景觀保護期。

關鍵字

川場村 ； 地方振興 ； 社區發展

並列摘要

In 1955, the population of Kawaba Village in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, was 5,376. Since then, the population has gradually decreased. By 1970, the population had dropped to 4,109. In 1971, the Ministry of Home Affairs designated Kawaba Village as an underpopulated area. The so-called underpopulated area refers to an autonomous area that has a rapid population decline, a declining living standard, difficulty in maintaining productivity, falling local taxes, and insufficient employment. Since 1975, Kawaba Village has started to implement a series of measures to eliminate poverty. In 2000, it finally lifted the designation of an underpopulated area. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To discuss the major administrative measures implemented by Kawaba Village since the adoption of poverty alleviation measures from 1975 to 2018, which lifted the village out of poverty; (2) to understand the key factors to the successful local revitalization of Kawakura Village; (3) to divide the development of the local revitalization of Kawaba Village into gradual phases. The research methods employed are literature surveys and field research. In terms of literature surveys, both official literature and primary literature are mainly used; as for field research, there are local visits to Kawaba Village and Denen Plaza from June 28, 1999 to August 1, 2005, in order to understand the actual development. The results show that the development of Kawaba Village can be divided into the following four phases: (1) 1975-1980, which employs ＂agriculture + tourism＂ to revitalize the local economy; (2) 1981-1991, which adopts urban external resources; (3) 1992 to 2005, which combines agricultural and commercial industries for self-reliance and development; (4) 2006 to 2018, which implements forestry to revitalize the village's rural landscape for protection.

並列關鍵字

Kawaba Village ； Regional Development ； community development