初探非人行動者如何形塑臺東鄉村社區觀光

How Non-Human Actuants Shape Community Tourism in Rural Taitung County: A Preliminary Discussion

鄭肇祺(Eric Siu-kei Cheng)

《社區永續觀光研究》 4卷1期 (2020/06) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.6744/SCTS.202006_4(1).0001

摘要

臺灣鄉村社區觀光發展中，人類被認為扮演重要角色。利用後人類主義作為分析及思考框架，有助去除觀光產業的人類中心主義（anthropocentrism），使觀光行為中人與非人的關係更為平等。社區、山林、河溪、農田等地域，都不再具有物種間的邊界，而是人與非人之間互相纏糾的空間。近年，社區觀光成為了臺東縣各社區及部落接受的經濟方式，而政府單位、大學、公關公司等，則擔任輔導的角色。本研究以參與觀察為主要方法，思考社區觀光（包含大學見學觀光）這種強調永續、負責任的觀光產業，是否可以加入後人類主義的視野，視非人為社區觀光的行動者之一？如是，有什麼行動者已經在臺東縣內出現並擔任角色？當中，服務提供者又應向觀光客提供什麼相關的教育及體驗？非人行動者是否來者不拒，還是亦會影響到社區觀光的開放性及可行性，甚至構成風險？初探非人行動者如何形塑臺東鄉村社區觀光，有助我們理解人和非人的互動是充滿不確定性。本研究建議，在社區觀光的發展中，不能忽略非人如動物、植物、病毒等的行動力。未來臺東縣推動鄉村社區觀光時，應加強對非人行動者的尊重，並向業者及觀光客加強相關知識及行為態度的教育，以使本縣在發展觀光產業時，對文化多樣性及生物多樣性等概念及行為更為友善。

關鍵字

社區觀光 ； 非人行動者 ； 後人類主義 ； 教育

並列摘要

Human beings are considered to play key roles in rural community tourism. Adopting posthumanism as an analytic framework, stakeholders can minimize their anthropocentrism to reconsider tourism from a non-human perspective. Such reorientation refers to more balanced relationships between human and non-human actors; it eliminates boundaries across communities, forests, rivers, and farms; instead, these become sites of entanglements between human and non-human actors. In recent years, more Taitung residents embrace community tourism under the guidance of governments, universities, and businesses. This research is based on participant observation to explore whether and how one can use the approach of posthumanism to reflect on community tourism that emphasizes sustainability and responsible behaviours. I inquire whether non-human actuants can play any roles in community tourism. If so, which actuants engage in Taitung's tourism? By acknowledging these actuants, what can service providers do to enhance tourists' experience and educate the tourists? Do non-human actuants welcome all tourists? How far can they affect the extent that communities are open to tourism? What's more, do these actuants cause risks? By exploring how these actuants shape the community tourism in Taitung County, I shed light on the uncertainty of human-non-human interactions. I suggest that the stakeholders of community tourism need to consider the agency of non-humans such as animals, plants, and virus. In future, human actors should be more respectful for non-human actuants. Both service providers and tourists in Taitung county should be informed and educated to appreciate cultural diversity and biodiversity.

並列關鍵字

Community tourism ； non-human actuant ； posthumanism ； education