天台智顗之圓頓止觀與古本大學之知止知本

T'ien-t'ai Chih-i' Doctrine of ＂Round-sudden Samatha-vipasyana＂ and the Great Learning's Doctrine of ＂Knowing the rest, Knowing the root.＂

程兆熊(CHEN Chao-shung)

《新亞學報》 15卷 (1986/06) Pp. 49-68+ap3

並列摘要

The main theme of this paper is to examine T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's assimilation of Buddhism and the impact of Confucianism on him. First, it explains the meaning of ＂Round-sudden＂ and on Chih-i's Doctrine of ＂Round-sudden Samathavipasyana＂. Secondly, detailed analysis of the concept of six Paramitas in Buddhism, the content of ＂Ken Kua＂ (艮卦) and ＂Kong Kua＂ (觀卦) of I-Ching (易經), and the Great Learning's Doctrine of ＂Knowing the rest, Knowing the root＂ are presented. Thirdly, the author compares Chih-i's Doctrine of ＂Round-sudden samatha-Vipasyana＂ with the Great Learning's Doctrine of ＂Knowing the rest, Knowing the root＂, thus tracing the footprints of Sinolization of Indian Buddhism in China. The development of Chinese Buddhism progressed at first in the concept of ＂rest＂ and ＂knowing the rest＂ to reality and samatha-vipasyana, then into ＂three vipasyanas in one moment＂ (一心三觀), and finally prevailed the Shan School (禪宗). On the other hand, the development of the ＂Eight Principles＂ of the Great Learning formed the ＂Divine Principle＂(天理), and the ＂Divine Virtue＂ (天德), and later on led to the idea of ＂humanity as the ultimate＂(人極). These combined together establish a feature of the Chinese culture.