秦漢迄唐飛狐道考

The Fei-hu Route during the Han and T'ang Times

嚴耕望(YEN Keng-wang)

《新亞學報》 14卷 (1984/08) Pp. 67-122+ap2-3

並列摘要

The most important northern frontier of China is the Heng-shan mountain range, which is connected, to the east, with the Minor Wu-t'ai mountain and the Yen-shan mountain range, and, to the west, with the Kuan-ts'an mountain range. The series of mountains make up a natural boundary of over 800 kilometers, which people of the old called as a separation under the heaven, separating China and the foreign territories. At the western end of the Heng-shan mountains, where they come to join the Kuan-ts'an mountains, stood Yen-men Pass. To the east, at the junction between the Hen-shan mountains and Minor Wu-t'ai mountain and the Yen-shan range stood Fei-hu Pass. These two passes were the two major thoroughfares between the south and the north in ancient China. As for the now famous Chü-yung Pass, which is situated at the western end of the Yen-shan mountains, guarding the present Peking, it became prominent only after the Sung and the Yuan times. We are now familiar with this and the Yen-men Pass, but very few of us know the Fei-hu Pass of the Heng-shan mountains. The Fei-hu Route of the Han and T'ang times was named after Fei-hu Pass, which was located in between the present Wei county and Lai-yuan County. During the Sui times, the Kuang-ch'ang county to the south of the Pass was renamed as Fei-hu county (present Lai-yuan county), reflecting the importance of the thoroughfare at the time. It led southward to the Yellow River Plain (including the entire plain on which various Yellow River courses ran through) and northward to the inner Mongolia (then commonly called "North of the frontier") and was the major route connecting the south and the north. Its importance was not second to Yen-men Pass before the Sung, and was even greater than the latter during the North Wei times, when Chü-yung Pass was scarecely heard of. This article addresses to the examination of the route and its importance in the transportation between the south and the north.