中國佛教史傳與目錄源出律學沙門之探討（下）

A STUDY ON CHINESE BUDDHIST BIOGRAPHIES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES DERIVED FROM THE VINAYA SECT (Part Three)

曹仕邦(Tso Sze-bong)

《新亞學報》 7卷2期 (1966/08) Pp. 79+81-155+ap3-4

並列摘要

This article deals with two Buddhist bibliographical works compiled in the T'ang dynasty and one biographical work on eminent Buddhist monks written in the Northern Sung dynasty. The first Buddhist bibliographical work under discussion is the K'ai-yuan Shih-chiao lu 開元釋教錄 (Catalogue of the K'ai-yüan Era on Buddhism), the compilation of which was completed by a Buddhist monk Chih-shêng 智昇 in 730. This is the most comprehensive and valued work of its kind. Following the style of a Buddhist monk Tao-hsüan's 道宣 Ta-T'ang nei-tien lu 大唐內典錄 (Bibliography of Buddhist Canons Compiled in the T'ang Dynasty), Chih-shêng's work is more detailed and refined. For the first time Buddhist sutras are classified under five main headings according to the philosophical thought they contain. And for the first time Buddhist works by Chinese authors are also recognized as Buddhist scriptures. These two features have influenced all subsequent compilations of the Chinese Tripitaka. The method of classification used in the Taisho Daizōkyō 大正藏 or the Taisho edition of Tripitaka in Chinese also originates in this T'ang work. Next we discuss the Chên-yüan hsin-ting Shih-chiao mu-lu 貞元新定釋教目錄 (Newly Edited Catalogue on Buddhism Compiled in the Chên-yüan Period), the compilation of which was completed by a Buddhist monk Yüan-chao 圓照 in 799 at the command of Emperor Teh-tsung of T'ang 唐德宗. The content of this work is mainly copied from the K'ai-yüan Shih-chiao lu, with only a small part actually written by Yüan-chao and his assistants. But Emperor Teh-tsung ordered all Buddhist monasteries throughout China to collect Buddhist sütras according to Yüan-chao's Catalogue. So the features of Chih-shêng's work were made known to the Buddhist world in an indirect way. Lastly we deal with the Sung kao-sêng chuan 宋高僧傳 (Biographies of Eminent Buddhist Monks Compiled in the Sung Dynasty) which was written by a Buddhist monk Tsan-ning 贊寧 in 997 at the command of Emperor T'ai-tsung of Sung 宋太宗. In classification this book entirely follows the 'ten categories' 十科分類法 of the Buddhist monk Tao-hsüan's Hsü kao sêng chuan 續高僧傳 (Continuation of the Biographies of Eminent Buddhist Monks). An outstanding feature of Tsan-ning's work is the comment which is made at the end of almost every biography. From these comments the reader gains an insight into the author's historiographical knowledge and his foresight about the future of Buddhism. After the Northern Sung dynasty the Vinaya Sect 律宗 declined and produced no more historiographers and bibliographers. From the Southern Sung down to the Ch'ing dynasty, however, the work in these two fields was continued by Buddhists of other sects. These fruits should be attributed to the fine tradition established by Buddhist monks of the Vinaya Sect during the heriod from the fifth to the tenth century.