從馬禮遜聖經譯詞的「灌注得義」看跨文化溝通

Cross-cultural communication from the perspective of ＂infusion of righteousness＂ in Morrison's Bible translation

歐秀慧(Ou, Hsiu-Hui)

《語教新視野》 13期 (2022/03) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6751/NVLA.202203_(13).01

摘要

第一本中國境內的中譯聖經，是馬禮遜所翻譯的《神天聖書》，不但是後來各年代中文聖經的翻譯基礎，對近代翻譯工作和文學，都有重要的影響。基於第一本《聖經》的中文譯著，譯詞便有創作的機會，以「灌注得義」的手法創立了一套表達信仰內容的術語，如至今通用的「天國、弟兄、福音、使徒」，使得此譯本的特點及其翻譯原則，成為值得關注的對象。馬禮遜能將所理解的聖經原意，依照中文構詞習慣，將聖經思想涵義賦予詞語，以便經文意義能精準地用漢語詞彙表達出來，達到跨文化傳遞的任務。意即他有文化的感知，能去除種族中心主義和成見，並能與不同文化的人找到「共感」，才能以「已知」的「同」，傳達「未知」的「異」，進行良性的溝通。從他的譯詞可見，他是跨文化溝通的榜樣。

關鍵字

馬禮遜 ； 聖經譯詞 ； 灌注得義 ； 跨文化 ； 中文聖經

並列摘要

The first Chinese translation of the Bible in China was the ＂Sacred Book of God's Heaven＂ translated by Morrison. It has a significant influence on modern translation works and literature. Words and phrases were created based on the Chinese translation of the first ＂Bible＂. A set of terms that express faith-related contents were established using the ＂meaning from infusion＂, including words that are commonly used today, such as ＂heaven, brothers, gospel, apostle＂. The characteristics and the principles of this version of the translation are entitled to attention. In his accomplishment of conveying the culture, Morrison was able to accurately express the original biblical context in his understanding with Chinese vocabulary that follows Chinese word-building principles and by giving the vocabulary biblical connotations. Only by having awareness of the culture can one eliminate ethnocentrism and biases, as well as find ＂common ideas＂ among people from different cultures, in order to utilize the ＂known＂ ＂similarities＂ to convey the ＂unknown＂ ＂differences＂ to facilitate adequate communications. From his translation it can be concluded that he is a examplar of cross-cultural communication.

並列關鍵字

Morrison ； Bible translation ； old words with new meanings ； cross-culture ； Chinese Bible