范成大(1126-1193)所作使金組詩,乃感於家國淪亡而憤慨惋嘆,雖是南宋使金詩常見的內容、題材,但值得注意的,是范成大作為一典型的「愛國士人」在使金途中的心理變化,足可讓吾輩對范成大的愛國情懷與抗金意識有更深一層的認識。他從出使金國沿途聞見出發,採用紀行詩的寫法,在以渡淮為始至抵達會同館的30天內,作七言絕句72首。而他完成使命後南返,並沒有留下任何詩作、記錄。其後,他將使金組詩結集,按照寫作時間、使金路線編排,名其為「北征」,似乎又能約略指出他對於此趟出使過程的態度。《北征小集》主要以自然山川如〈汴河〉、〈金水河〉、〈太行〉,以及人造建築如〈虞姬墓〉、〈護龍河〉、〈宜春苑〉等地理景觀為題,表面上是以不帶情感的客觀態度為詩作命名,然見其內容多與遺跡、遺民相關,實有其寓意。這項特質在其渡過淮河,經行北宋故京開封,而至宋遼邊境的白溝以前,尤其明顯。在渡越白溝以後,故國遺跡已不復見,遂以他國風土人物等為主。據此,本文以為,范成大使金詩中之風物變化,實繫於空間變化;而風物、空間之變化,正是促動其心境變化之觸媒。
The poems on diplomatic mission to Jin Court by Fan Chengda, is a series of patriotic poems written due to the downfall of Northern Song Dynasty and the critical situation of Southern Song. Although the theme of these works are commonly seen, it is important to note that Fan Chengda's psychological flow and changes may provide an intimate look into his patriotic feelings. Serving as a diplomatic envoy to enemy country Jin, Fan Chengda wrote 72 poems along his 30 days' journey to the north, starting from Huai River to Huitong Guan. Later, he compiled these poems and named the book 'Bei Zheng Xiao Ji' (Expedition to the North), thus reveal his attitude towards the Jin Court. Most of the pieces written are named based on the nature landscapes, historic sites and buildings he saw en route, such as River Bian, Tomb of Yuji, Yichun Garden and etc. Before he reached Bai Gou, which previously was the border of Northern Song and Liao, the title and content of his works are mainly relevant to adherents and remains of Northern Song. After he left Bai Gou, foreign culture, customs, and features became his main concern. Last but not least, this paper concludes that the changes of spaces and places that Fan Chengda represented can be linked to the changes of his feelings and mood.