戴震《方言疏證》中「（字異）音（聲）義同（通）」術語探討

本文嘗試從訓詁角度出發分析戴震《方言疏證》條例，探討「（字異）音（聲）義同（通）」術語在《方言疏證》中的定義與使用規則。過去學者多半從聲韻的角度觀照戴震的成就，而討論戴震所注疏的《方言疏證》也多半著重於「聲轉」、「語之轉」等音韻層次論題。本文逐條檢驗《方言疏證》中使用「（字異）音（聲）義同（通）」術語的條例，從字音、字形、字義三方面檢視其訓詁規則，定義字組為假借、同族字、異體字等關係。結論為利用此術語定義同族詞最多，其次為通假字，但兩種共同點為「字組之間具相同些聲偏旁」。以此為基準，與前人研究中的王念孫「字異而義同」術語相比較，認定戴震「（字異）音（聲）義同（通）」術語與王念孫「字異而義同」術語有相承的脈絡。

關鍵字

戴震；《方言疏證》；訓詁；術語；字異音義同

並列摘要

This article focuses on the term of ＂(Zi Yi) Yin (Sheng) Yi Tong (Tong)＂ in Dai Zhen's Fang Tan Shu Zheng, and examines the rules pertaining to its definition and usage. I argue that this term was mostly used to define family words, and was followed by ＂Tongjia,＂ but the common point between the two types is that the word groups have phonetic radicals. In the past, researchers mostly focused on Dai Zhen's academic phonological achievements in Fang Yan Shu Zheng, while ignoring Zhen's historical semantics and historical semantic methods. This paper analyzes each instance that used the term of ＂(Zi Yi) Yin (Sheng) Yi Tong (Tong)＂ in Dai Zhen's Fang Tan Shu Zheng, and examines its exegetical rules from the three standpoints: character sound, character shape, and character meaning. The results of this analysis are compared with Wang Nian Sun's term ＂Zi Yi Yin Yi Tong＂ found in previous studies. I determine that Dai Zhen's terminology was related to Wang Nian Sun's terminology.