The Relationship between Approach Run Kinematics and Javelin Throwing Performance

Masatoshi Murakami ； Satoru Tanabe ； Masaki Ishikawa ； Akira Ito

《Asian Journal of Coaching Science》 1卷1期 (2017/12) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.29426/ajcs.201712_1(1).0001

摘要

Purpose: The present study aimed to clarify the kinematic characteristics of effective throwing movements, including the approach run movements, which may help improve javelin performance and coaching methods. Methods: Javelin throw movements were collected from 57 male javelin throwers during several competitive events (including the gold medallist at the 2005 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki). Approach and delivery velocities were calculated using the thrower's centre of gravity. The excellent throwers' (EG group, throws of ≥ 70 m) and other throwers' (OG group) average maximum angular velocities of the support and blocking legs' knee flexion were also calculated during the delivery phase. Results: The overall throw performances ranged from 45.25 m to 87.17 m. Significant positive correlations were observed between the initial velocity and approach velocity (r = .657, p ＜ .001) and between the approach velocity and delivery velocity (r = .925, p ＜ .001). Compared to the OG group (-10.86 ± 3.82 rad/s), the EG group (-9.03 ± 2.05 rad/s; p ＜ .05) exhibited a significantly lower angular velocity of the support leg's knee flexion. The knee extension angular velocities in the support leg were 7.46 ± 2.26 rad/s in the EG group and 10.91 ± 3.30 rad/s in the OG group, which indicated a significantly lower angular velocity (p ＜ .05). Conclusions: We suggest that a high initial javelin velocity can be achieved by converting the rotational velocity of the trunk, which can generate a high arm swing velocity. We also suggest that a kick movement may be needed to maintain a high horizontal velocity at the centre of gravity, until the moment of the final front foot contact, similar to the movements of elite sprinters.

關鍵字

javelin throw ； performance ； kinematic characteristics ； approach run ； correlation

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