代謝症候群的飲食照護

Dietary Management for Metabolic Syndrome

陳慧君(Hui-Chuen Chen)

《臺大護理雜誌》 14卷2期 (2018/07) Pp. 12-20

https://doi.org/10.6740/NTUHJN.201807_14(2).0003

摘要

代謝症候群係指一群心血管危險因子聚集的總稱，其會增加罹患第2型糖尿和心血管疾病的危險。飲食熱量限制及配合身體能量消耗增加可有效降低體重並降低代謝症候群發生。地中海飲食與得舒飲食或素食飲食型態都被認為可有效改善與代謝症候群有關的代謝危險因子，如：血壓、葡萄糖代謝、血脂肪等，以降低代謝症候群發生。這些飲食共同特點為富含蔬菜、水果、全穀類、豆類、堅果、單元不飽和脂肪酸油脂。流行病學研究結果顯示魚類和ω-3脂肪酸有助代謝症候群之預防和治療，但隨機對照研究結果則不一致。平常飲食也應避免含糖飲料與甜食，減少加工食品攝取。另外，建立良好生活型態也是必須的，如：戒菸和運動。目前仍有一些研究結果不一致，未來需要更進一步研究來澄清這些不明確結果，才能提出更適合的代謝症候群預防飲食策略。

關鍵字

代謝症候群 ； 飲食策略 ； 生活型態 ； 體重控制

並列摘要

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary energy restriction with increasing body energy expenditure can effectively facilitate body weight loss, further reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), and the vegetarian-type diet are regarded as factors that can reduce risk factors related to metabolic syndrome, including blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile. The common characteristics of these diets are rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and monounsaturated fatty acid-rich oil. Despite inconsistent results from randomized control studies, epidemiological studies showed that fish or ω-3 fatty acid intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Avoiding sweetened drinks and sweets and reducing the intake of processed foods should be recommended. Furthermore, good lifestyle establishment, such as quitting smoking and regular exercise, is necessary. Some research findings are still inconsistent. In the future, further studies are needed to clarify these ambiguous results before more appropriate diet strategies for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome can be proposed.

並列關鍵字

metabolic syndrome ； dietary strategies ； lifestyles ； weight control