- 期刊
照顧一位初次診斷愛滋病病人之護理經驗
Nursing Experience for a Patient with Initial Diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
摘要
本文描述照顧一位初次診斷愛滋病毒感染伴隨肺囊蟲肺炎及口腔念珠菌感染個案的護理經驗，護理期間為2016年7月2日至7月18日，運用Gordon 11項健康功能評估，藉由收集資料與分析，確立個案主要健康問題有：現存性感染、營養少於身體需求、特定知識缺失及焦慮。護理過程中持續監測生命徵象及感染症狀、指導預防感染之措施及緩解其生理不適；教導營養重要性、提供自我口腔清潔方法及鼓勵飲食少量多餐；評估個案對疾病、治療及自我照顧技巧的了解及期望，給予加強衛教及說明，進而提升因應疾病的能力；建立治療性護病關係，予傾聽並以非批判性態度接納其正負向感受，給予適當解釋與澄清以緩解焦慮程度。因同性伴侶為個案主要社會支持給予者，建議專責個管師介入協助，加入通訊軟體聯繫（如：Line），及時幫助個案及其伴侶解決生活中有關愛滋病照護的疑問，加強其社會支持，讓個案感受自己的價值與積極尋找正向意義，並統整自己的正向特質，希望藉此經驗分享提供護理人員照顧初次診斷愛滋病病人之參考。
並列摘要
This article discussed the nursing care experience for a patient initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection, pneumocystis pneumonia, and oral candidiasis, altogether forming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). During the nursing period from July 2 to 18, 2016, Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns were applied to assess the patient's health problems and nursing needs. Four main health problems were presented: existing infections, poor nutrition, lack of knowledge, and anxiety. The nurse solved these problems by monitoring vital signs and symptoms of infection, teaching preventive measures for infection, and relieving patient discomfort. In addition, the nurse emphasized and explored the patient’s level of nutrition knowledge, providing oral self-care and encouraging small but frequent meals. In addition, the nurse evaluated the knowledge and expectations of the patient's disease, treatment, and self-care ability, offering education and explanation to enhance adaptability to diseases. Finally, the nurse established a therapeutic relationship, with a non-judgmental attitude, accepting the patient's positive and negative emotions, and giving appropriate explanations and clarifications to alleviate the anxiety privately and securely. Because the patient had a same-sex partner, we recommended an AIDS case manager's assistance, adding instant messaging (ex. Line), and strengthening social support to answer daily questions about AIDS care in a timely fashion. We encouraged the patient and his partner to perceive their own values and seek positive meaning actively. This nursing care experience may be applied by nurses caring for patients with initial diagnosis AIDS.