我國體育競技國家代表隊運動選手服補充兵役之法制規範研析

現行運動選手服補充兵役，原係國家基於培訓優秀運動選手並延續其職業生涯之目的而設計之制度。然國家體育競技代表隊服補充兵役辦法第6條規定，原則上運動選手服補充兵役受教育部體育署5年之列管，例外在參加奧運會獲得前三名、參加亞運會獲得第一名或經指派至國家運動訓練中心比照常備兵役役期之集訓期滿，始得提早解除列管。惟以前開辦法授權訂定之教育部體育署國家體育競技代表隊服補充兵役選手列管期間管理考核要點，其中第3點規定運動選手受列管期間，得與職業運動團體簽署協議書，申請參加國內、外職業運動之訓練及比賽，並受5年之列管。教育部體育署即按照此要點，認受列管之選手除非與職業運動團體簽有協議書，否則均應至國家運動訓練中心比照常備兵役役期之集訓，即產生與前開辦法第6條原則與例外相互倒置之情形。在上述情形下，選手之權益是否受損，以及前開要點是否有違憲疑慮，將是本文所欲探討之重點。首先，應先釐清該要點之性質，再判斷選手之何種基本權受侵害，始得進一步檢驗是否有違反憲法上原理原則之情事，以供相關單位思考現行法規是否有修正之必要。

關鍵字

運動選手；補充兵役；職權命令；行政規則；職業自由

並列摘要

The policy of serving a replacement service for athletes is originally designed by the government based on the purpose of training excellent athletes and continuing their careers. However, according to the ＂Article 6 of Regulations of National Sports Team Members As Backup Draftees＂, technically, athletes serving a replacement service is supervised under the Sports Administration for a period of 5 years, with the exception of any of the 3 leading places in Olympic Games or winning first place in the Asian Olympic Games or designated National Sports Training Center is based on the expiration of the training period of Standing Soldier Service. But, ＂Regulations for Management Examination of National Sports Team Members As Backup Draftees Under The Sports Administration's Supervision＂ which is authorized by the aforementioned regulations stipulates that the athlete who is under supervision can sign an agreement with professional sports groups to apply for training and competitions in domestic or foreign professional sports, and under supervision for a period of 5 years. According to the regulations, the Sports Administration recognizes that the athlete who is under supervision should go to the National Sports Training Center for training in the Standing Soldier Service period unless the athlete has an agreement with the professional sports group. In this case, the principle and the exception will be contradicted from＂ Article 6 of Regulations of National Sports Team Members As Backup Draftees＂. Under the above circumstances, whether the athletes' rights are impaired or the regulations are unconstitutional will be the main issue of this article. First, we need to clarify the legal nature of the regulations, and discuss what kind of constitutional fundamental rights of the athletes is infringed. On the basis of clarification, we investigate what constitutional principles are violated and then the officials can consider making amendment to the current regulations.

並列關鍵字

Athlete ； Replacement Service ； Non-Delegated Administrative Legislation ； Administrative Directive ； Freedom of Employees

參考文獻

「補充兵役役男軍事訓練及檢定作業要點」第6點

Google Scholar

國防部新聞稿〈https://www.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?p=75839&title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF&SelectStyle=%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%A8%BF〉，最後瀏覽日：2019 年1 月2日。