塑造社群媒體時代下的言論環境－以閱聽者的資訊選擇為中心

在言論自由的討論上，通常著重於表意人的面向，而缺乏閱聽者觀點的論述。惟閱聽者的資訊選擇，其實扮演得以讓言論自由依理想模式運行的關鍵角色。言論自由市場說假設，開放言論市場自由競爭，真理必勝謬誤。然而閱聽者本質上具有的消費者特質，並不會使其秉持對於真理的渴望而選擇接觸的資訊，而係如同消費者一般，僅依據個人偏好為判斷。此時，社群媒體時代下，蓬勃發展的過濾技術，將使閱聽者更容易置身於客製化的資訊世界，難以理解同溫層外的想法。當人民之間不再溝通交流、言論環境支離破碎，便無法齊心解決共同的社會問題，進而破壞民主的根基。所以人民必須積極接觸未經篩選的資訊，才能與異己之人享有共識，透過參與公共討論，避免言論環境的持續分裂。

關鍵字

言論自由；閱聽者；資訊選擇；社群媒體；過濾

並列摘要

In the discussion of freedom of speech, the focus is usually on speakers. However, the information choice of listeners actually plays a key role in allowing freedom of speech to operate according to the ideal model. The theory of marketplace of ideas assumes that if the market is free to compete, truth will prevail over fallacy. But the consumer characteristic of listeners makes them choose the information not based on their desire for truth but personal preference. In the era of social media, filter bubble will make it easier for listeners to be in the customized information world, and understanding ideas outside the bubble will become more difficult. When people no longer communicate, they cannot solve common social problems together.The foundation of democracy will be destroyed because of fragmentation of speech environment. Therefore, people should contact information which isn't chosen in advance in order to have common experience with other people. Through participating in public discussions can avoid the marketplace of ideas splitting.

並列關鍵字

Freedom of Speech ； Listener ； Information Choice ； Social Media ； Filter

參考文獻

Pariser,“The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think”, Penguin Books, Apr. 2012, p.163-164.

Google Scholar

Sunstein,“#Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media”, Princeton University Press, Mar.2017, p.6-7, 38-41, 44-46, 47-48, 51, 54-55, 56-57, 60, 84-85, 135, 140-141, 143, 145, 148-149, 159-160, 166.