老莊對《鬼谷子》的沾益

How Did Lao Zi and Zhang Zi Inspire Guigu Zi

王煜(Wong Yuk)

《中國文化研究所學報》 新4期 (1995/01) Pp. 53-62

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.199501_(4).0003

並列摘要

According to Xiao Dengfu 蕭登福 , Guigu zi 鬼谷子 is the unique extant work of strategic-diplomatic thinkers (zongheng jia 縱橫家) in the period of the Warring States. This sophisticated book has long been undervalued and even neglected because Confucians and Daoists detest using tricks in psychological warfare and international communication. Zhuang Zi negated the value of planning for prospective advantages f at the cost of carefree spontaneity, Mencius reproached all zongheng jia with the life-style of a concubine. Revering Cheng-Chu Neo-Confucianism. Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺 condemned them to be the most formidable enemies of humanity and righteousness . But Sun Deqian 孫德謙 of the Qing dynasty affirmed their contribution to ceasing battles. Actually the mystical Recluse of the Ghost Valley with his two distinguished disciples Su Qin 蘇秦 and Zhang Yi 張儀 combined the wisdom of Huang-Lao 黃老 philosophers (Legalistic Daoists 道法家) and Tacticians 兵家 like Sun Wu 孫武 . In literature, Guigu zi was profoundly benefited from Lao zi and Zhuang zi. It is remarkable that tacticians like Wu Qi 吳起 ,Sun Wu, Sun Bin 孫臏 cherished humaneness and righteousness, not to mention Sima Rangju 司馬穰苴 and Weiliao Zi 尉繚子 who deemed weapons evil.