漢代地方官僚結構：郡功曹之職掌與尹灣漢墓簡牘之關係

The Local Bureaucratic Structure of Han Dynasty: Relationships between the Duties of Jun Gongcao and the Wooden Documents Excavated at Yinwan

黎明釗(Ming-chiu Lai)

《中國文化研究所學報》 新8期 (1999/01) Pp. 35-72

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.199901_(8).0002

並列摘要

According to the Hou Han Shu Baiguanzhi 後漢書百官志 , each Han commandery was placed under a commandery administrator, calIed Jun shou 郡守 , who was assisted by a number of lesser staff. Among them, jun gongcao 郡功曹 was the major one. The present research investigates the duties of ju gongcao during Han times and concludes that jun gongcao identified worthy performance, selected staff and acted as the leader of different commandery bureaus. His authority sometimes superceded the commandery administrator's valuable assistants, the cheng 丞 , who was in charge of all civilian and military affairs in the inner region of the Han Empire, and zhangshi 長史 , who was responsible for armament and horses in the frontier region. Here the author argues that jun gongcao was obliged to oversee the commandery staff work and the operation of the commandery bureaus. This research also discusses the relationships between the wooden documents excavated in the M6 burial at Yinwan and the duties of jun gongcao in the local administrative system. The author's views are as follows. The deceased of this burial had held the tenure of jun gongcao during his lifetime. He had the opportunity to keep the administrative records as well as the personnel data of the staff at the commandery and prefecture levels. The wooden documents, such as the Jibu 集簿 , Donghai Jun liyuan bu 東海俊吏員簿 , Donghai Jun xiaxia zhangli mingji 東海郡下轄吏名籍, etc., excavated at Yinwan were within the scope of his duties. He probably made copies from the governmental documents for memorial and when he died his descendants put them in his burial.