漢晉之際郡縣變動與地方統治關係－以司州為例(A.D.189-300)

Relations between the Alteration of Jun-Xian郡縣 and the Rule of Local Governement, 189-300 A.D.: An Example of Sizhou司州

張正田(Zheng-Tian Zhang)

《中華人文社會學報》 2期 (2005/03) Pp. 290-318

摘要

魏晉南北朝數百年間，州郡析置頻仍。前賢研究多認為魏晉之際國家空張州郡數目，是中央對地方漸失控制力的原因之一。本文以漢董卓之亂至八王之亂(A.D.189-300)前，司州地區之轄區調整、郡縣變動，分析此區域郡、縣二級政區變動原因與演變，發現當時國家實欲強化對中樞地區「司州」之地方控制力，並在政治面向上對此區之官僚統治群作現實妥協；在政區安排上，中央仍不斷在此區尋找更合理之空間配置，企圖更加強化對此區域控制力。由司州地區之例，略可看出漢晉之際國家對地方政區安排，仍基於統治需要與現實環境選擇，以圖長治久安。

關鍵字

魏晉 ； 司州 ； 行政區劃 ； 郡縣 ； 中央地方關係

並列摘要

Zhou 州 and 郡 had been divided into many parts for hundreds of years in the Wei-Chin period. According to the previous studies, the bulgging of zhou's and jun's numbers is one of many reasons that the central government loosed its control over the local ones. The author observes the adjustment of jurisdiction of Sizhou 司州, jun and xian 縣 from 220 to 291 A.D. and analyzes the reasons of variations ofjun and xian. The author concludes that the central government had tried to strengthen its control over the local one through Sizhou, which located in the central area, and that had compromised with local bureaucratic groups. Furthermore, the central government had attempted to devise a reasonable allocation of local territories in order to strengthen the control over those areas. It may be easily understood from the example of the Sizhou that this kind of allocation was still based on actual needs and circumstances of that time in order to keep the regime perpetual and stable.

並列關鍵字

the period between Wei and Jin ； Sizhou ； administrative divisions ； Jun-Xian ； the relationship between central and local government