論宋高宗朝後期的科舉及政局

紹興和議後，南宋結束戰爭狀態，包括科舉在內的各項制度逐步恢復正常。紹興十二年、二十四年的兩場科舉，宰相秦檜之子熺、孫塤分別為兩榜省元，且殿試排名居前。秦檜去世後，有些官員攻擊秦檜干預了這兩場科舉。宋高宗認為秦熺中第尚屬公允，秦塤試策中多引祖、父言語，似為不妥。與秦塤同年參加科舉考試的陸游，晚年回憶他在鄉試中因與秦塤競爭，得罪了秦檜，導致次年省試落第。但陸游所言之事不合史實。至於《宋史》言紹興二十一年科舉，趙逵因高中狀元，引起秦檜的不滿，更是無稽之談。宋高宗朝後期的科舉取士雖然存在歌頌中興的阿諛之風，但總體上尚屬公正，對讀書人仍然有很強的吸引力。宋高宗和秦檜通過科舉鞏固與金和議，統一士人思想，打擊主戰派。待秦檜死後，高宗和反對秦檜的官員又利用科舉剷除秦檜黨羽，加強皇帝集權，平衡政治勢力。

關鍵字

科舉；宋高宗；秦檜；政局

並列摘要

After the Treaty of Shaoxing, the Southern Song ended the state of war, and various systems including that of the imperial examination gradually resumed their normal order. In the two imperial examinations held in the twelfth year and the twenty-fourth year of the Shaoxing reign (1142 and 1154 respectively), Qin Xi and Qin Xun, the son and grandson of Grand Councillor Qin Hui, came the first in the provincial phase of the imperial examination respectively, and they were also among the top ranks in the final examination presided over by the emperor. After Qin Hui's death, some officials accused him for interfering with these two imperial examinations. Song Emperor Gaozong thought that it was relatively fair for Qin Xi to get a good rank, but it seemed inappropriate for Qin Xun to excessively quote his grandfather and father's words in the examination. Lu You, who took part in the imperial examination in the same year as Qin Xun, recalled in his later years that he had offended Qin Hui by competing with Qin Xun in the local examination, which led to his failure in the provincial examination the next year. But what Lu You said is not consistent with historical facts. The story about the imperial examination in the twenty-first year of the Shaoxing reign (1151) in The History of the Song Dynasty that Zhao Kui ranked top in the imperial examination, which caused Qin Hui's dissatisfaction, is even more absurd. In the latter part of Emperor Gaozong's reign, although rhetoric that hailed the restoration of the Song court could indeed be seen during the imperial examination, the examination system itself was still fairly attractive to scholars. Emperor Gaozong and Qin Hui wanted to unite scholars' thoughts against the warring faction and consolidate the peace negotiations with the Jin dynasty through the imperial examination. After Qin Hui's death, Emperor Gaozong and the officials who opposed Qin eliminated members of his clique through the imperial examination to strengthen the emperor's centralization of power and balance the interests of different political factions.