中國少數民族的「他者」再現－對2006年《北京青年報》少數民族新聞的內容分析

The Representation of Chinese Minorities in Modern China: A Content Analysis of the Beijing Youth Daily in 2006

覃詩翔(Shixiang QIN)

《傳播與社會學刊》 14期 (2010/10) Pp. 131-162

https://doi.org/10.30180/CS.201010_(14).0007

摘要

本研究旨在探討中國少數民族在大眾媒介中的他者再現。通過對《北京青年報》2006年少數民族新聞進行內容分析，研究發現：（1）中國少數民族在新聞文本中被建構為邊緣、弱勢、無言的他者。（2）中國少數民族被突出再現為依賴外來幫助，受到漢族喜愛，能歌善舞，奇特神秘的形象。（3）新聞中出現的少數民族女性角色比男性角色更年輕，更美麗，更吸引人，而男性角色的個人能力更强。（4）當新聞涉及少數民族文藝表演和民俗工藝時，民族差異被突出的强調。當新聞涉及少數民族文化遺產與精英人物時，少數民族文化與人物被視為中華民族的重要組成部分。（5）55個少數民族中，藏族，蒙古族，回族，壯族和彝族較常被報道，並在報道中呈現不同形象。

關鍵字

少數民族 ； 少數民族新聞 ； 他者再現

並列摘要

This research deals with minority representation in modern China and tries to answer three questions: 1) What are the characteristics and essential modes in the representation of minorities as ＂others＂? 2) When are minority people and cultures still portrayed as ＂the others＂? When are minority people and cultures portrayed as part of the Chinese nation? 3) What are the differences between the representations of each ethnic group? The study employs content analysis and develops a set of measuring scales to examine the representation of minorities in mass media. In addition, this study employs semantic distinctions to compose the stereotyping image of minorities measuring scale, which is used to measure the ethnic differences. Findings show that: 1) Minorities are represented as marginal, powerless, and voiceless ＂otherness＂ in the mass media. In most of the minority news, the main characters and the most important sources are the government or Han people. The data also shows that non-Han people are passive in the interactions with Han people. The minority news highlights the unequal position of Han and minorities by portraying the ethnic population as the people who strongly rely on help from Han. 2) The description of the minority emphasizes the following stereotyping images of minority others: Depending on the Han people for help; Good at dancing and singing; Having unique or exotic culture; Having to face harsh natural conditions; Being modernizing; Primitive and backward. 3) Both the minority male and female are good at dancing and singing. The minority females are younger and more appealing than males. The minority males are more capable than females. 4) The ethnic differences are highly emphasized in the reporting of cultural themes, especially the news about minority performance, artifacts and traditional customs. However, there are almost no differences between ethnic groups in the news regarding economic, political and social issues. Minority people and cultures are portrayed as an important part of the Chinese nation in the news about minority elite and cultural heritage identified by the UNESCO. 5) Among the fifty five State recognized minorities, Tibetan, Mongolian, Hui Muslim, Chuang, and Yi are represented in higher frequency. And the images of these different minorities vary from one to another. Tibetan people are represented as exotic, mysterious, remote and primitive and appear to be an ethnic group which is favored and being helped by Han. Mongolian people are represented as good at singing and dancing, with a unique and folkloric lifestyle; they appear to be an ethnic group which cooperates with Han and is, therefore, favored by Han. Hui Muslims are represented as a primitive and insecure group. Chuang people are good at singing and dancing and appear to be unique. The Yi minority is represented as insecure and good at singing and dancing.

並列關鍵字

minorities ； minority news ； representation of otherness