從「山林佛教」走向「人間佛教」的弘法精神－星雲大師「同體共生」的菩薩道理念

The Propagation Spirit of Advancing from ＂Reclusive Buddhism＂ to ＂Humanistic Buddhism＂: Venerable Master Hsing Yun’s Bodhisattva Concept of ＂Living Together in Co-existence＂

陳劍鍠(Chen Chien-huang)

《《人間佛教叢書》2015星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究(上)》 2015 (2016/02) Pp. 312-341

摘要

本文主要從太虛大師提出的「人生佛教」、「人間佛教」談起，並反省從「山林佛教」走向「人間佛教」的內涵。本文提出人間佛教於二十世紀三○、四○年代之際，是一個共構性的思想結構，當時佛教界僧俗二眾，不約而同地對此思想信念產生共鳴，與當時佛教腐敗有關。拋棄鬼神的宗教是共識，星雲大師進一步斬釘截鐵地表示人間佛教即是佛教，乃至是佛教的全部，徹底地實踐「此地此時此人」的理念，並闡述「人間佛教」的菩薩道精神。星雲大師的「人間佛教」思想建基於《華嚴經》，依華嚴思想來建構他的「同體共生」的理念。「同體共生」之理念即是由因緣觀作為法理依據，大師透過善巧方便，以現代人的語言，闡述緣起性的佛法要義，並強調「人間佛教」行者最終須體解中道緣起的空性。

關鍵字

星雲大師 ； 山林佛教 ； 人間佛教 ； 同體共生

並列摘要

This paper begins with Master Taixu's philosophy on ＂Buddhism for Human Life＂ and ＂Humanistic Buddhism,＂ discussing how ＂Reclusive Buddhism＂ has moved towards ＂Humanistic Buddhism.＂ The paper raises the issue that Humanistic Buddhism was an integrated concept in the 1930s and 1940s. At that time, monastic and lay Buddhists resonated simultaneously around this concept, which was related to the decline of Buddhism during the era. It is the concensus to have a religion that leaves out deities and spirits. Furthermore, Venerable Master Hsing Yun declares decisively that Humanistic Buddhism is Buddhism, and even the totality of Buddhism. He thoroughly practices the concept of ＂this place, this moment, and this person,＂ and expounds on the Bodhisattva spirit of Humanistic Buddhism. Venerable Master Hsing Yun's Humanistic Buddhist concept is based on the Avatamsaka Sutra, using its ideas to construct his concept of ＂Living Together in Co-existence.＂ This concept also uses the law of causes and conditions as its basis. Through skillful means, Venerable Master utilizes modern language to explain the essential Buddhist teaching of dependent origination.

並列關鍵字

Venerable Master Hsing Yun ； Reclusive Buddhism ； Humanistic Buddhism ； Living Together in Co-existence