蘇州《大洞無上九極天仙傳戒科儀》初探－一個清代北京與江南文人乩壇交互影響的案例

Dadong wushang jiuji tianxian chuanjie keyi: A Case Study on the Interaction among the Spirit-writing Altars in Beijing and the Jiangnan Area during the Qing Dynasty

陶金(Tao Jin)

《道教研究學報：宗教、歷史與社會》 5期 (2013/01) Pp. 111-141

摘要

《大洞無上九極天仙傳戒科儀》是目前蘇州正一派仍在使用的一種度亡科儀，但它與清代的文人乩壇「玉光派」與「天仙派」有著深刻的關聯。源於北京的天仙派通過「柳守元」降筆，將蘇州玉光派的「碧玉真宮大戒」增改為《三壇圓滿天仙大戒略說》。隨著天仙派文獻傳至江南，在傳統正一派「給籙」科儀的啟發下，它又被進一步增改為向亡靈授戒的《大洞無上九極天仙傳戒科儀》，最終為正一派所吸收，並在其內部傳演至今。

關鍵字

文人乩壇 ； 玉光派 ； 蘇州 ； 天仙戒 ； 道教科儀

並列摘要

Dadong wushang jiuji tianxian chuanjie keyi 大洞無上九極天仙傳戒科儀, a Daoist salvation ritual manuscript, is still in use by the Zhengyi 正一 Daoists in Suzhou 蘇州 today. This article argues for a close relationship between this ritual text and spirit-writing altars, that is, the Yuguang 玉光 lineage in Suzhou and the Tianxian 天仙 lineage in Beijing 北京, during the Qing dynasty. Originating from texts of the Yuguang lineage, Biyu zhengong dajie 碧玉真宮大戒 was modified into Santan yuanman tianxian dajie lueshuo 三壇圓滿天仙大戒略說 by the literati from the Tianxian lineage. With the spread of the texts of the Tianxian lineage to the Jiangnan area, Dadong wushang jiuji tianxian chuanjie keyi developed into a ritual of transmitting precepts to dead souls, inspired at the same time by the traditional ordination ritual of the local Zhengyi Daoists.

並列關鍵字

spirit-writing altar ； Yuguang lineage ； Suzhou ； Precepts of Tianxian ； Daoist ritual