魏初太學博士所習師法考

On the System of the Confucian Erudites in the Early Wei Dynasty

程蘇東(CHENG Sudong)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 3期 (2016/05) Pp. 315-347

摘要

關於魏初太學博士制度，學者歷來據《宋書．百官志》而稱有所謂「十九博士」，惟此十九博士之具體師法，則諸家異辭，尚無 定論。本文通過對《宋書．百官志》史源的系統考察，指出「十九博士」實為西晉太學博士制度，《宋書．百官志》訛以傳訛，實難據信。在此基礎上，文章依據《三國志》中關於曹魏博士的記述，並結合東漢後期博士制度的新變，指出魏初太學博士恐不標師法，唯以某一師學是否得與課試判定其官學之身份。文章進而系統考察了魏初獲任太學博士者凡九人，對他們的師學背景逐一進行了考察，論證了以「鄭學」為代表的古學已成為魏初太學師法所宗。文章還 對曹魏太學在社會上的影響力、以及曹魏博士制度在漢晉經學制度史上的地位進行了探討。

關鍵字

曹魏 ； 太學博士 ； 十九博士 ； 鄭玄

並列摘要

This paper focuses on the system of the Confucian erudites in the early Wei Dynasty. Based on the records in ＂Baiguanzhi＂ of Songshu, previous studies have shown that there were nineteen Confucian erudites in the Wei Dynasty. This paper shows that the system of nineteen Confucian erudites was established in Wei and Jin Dynasty and records in ＂Baiguanzhi＂ of Songshu are unreliable. This paper also examines the academic background of the erudites in early Wei Dynasty and the influence of Zheng Xuan, as well as the influence of the Imperial College.

並列關鍵字

Wei dynasty ； the Confucian erudites ； Zheng Xuan ； Imperial College