唐代貧女詩發微－以秦韜玉〈貧女〉為中心

本文以秦韜玉〈貧女〉為中心，探討以下問題：（一）唐代「貧女詩」是如何生成的？（二）為何唐人要另闢「貧女」一題？唐人的貧女詩與唐以前的貧士詩有何分別？（三）寫「貧女」詩的詩人不少，為何只有秦韜玉的〈貧女〉成為名作？對於第一個問題，本文認為這是晚唐之世的政治社會語境、詩學語境，以及詩人的個人語境三者綜合的結果。對於第二個問題，本文認為貧士詩精神是固窮志道，而貧女詩則是怨；這是兩類詩的分別，也是唐人另闢「貧女」一題的原因。至於第三個問題，本文從格調說的角度作分析，認為秦韜玉的〈貧女〉寫出了亙古不變的人之常情，所以成為一首名作。

關鍵字

貧女詩；貧士詩；固窮；怨；格調

並列摘要

With Qin Taoyu's 秦韜玉 poem ＂Impoverished Girl＂ (pin nü 貧女) as the main case study here, the paper addresses the following questions: (1) Why was poetry on this topic created in the Tang Dynasty, but not before? (2) Why did Tang poets begin to write on this new topic? What is the difference between Tang poetry on the ＂Impoverished Girl＂ and pre-Tang poetry on the ＂Impoverished Scholar＂ (pin shi 貧士)? (3) Although there was quite a number of poems on the ＂Impoverished Girl＂, what makes Qin Taoyu's work stands out as an enduring masterpiece? The paper argues that the emergence of this new topic in the late Tang was resulted from three contextual factors, namely socio-political, poetic, and personal. I suggest that the underlying message of the poems on the ＂Impoverished Scholar＂ is to endure hardships with a strong will, while the poems on the ＂Impoverished Girl＂ are simply written to voice one's grievances. This fundamental difference between the two helps explain why the frustrated Tang poets has a predilection for the latter. Finally, the paper analyses poems on the ＂Impoverished Girl＂ from the traditional perspective of gediao shuo 格調說 (＂analysis of form and melody＂) and concludes that Qin's piece has become a masterpiece because it aptly conveys an emotional reality that is personal yet universal.

並列關鍵字

Poems on the ＂Impoverished Girl＂； poems on the ＂Impoverished Scholar＂； enduring hardships ； grievance ； gediao

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唐代貧女詩發微－以秦韜玉〈貧女〉為中心

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