釋「歺」與「禼」：兼論「以形為主」與「音形義綜合」兩種不同的古文字考釋方法

Deciphering the Graphs E 歺 and Xie ���� , with an Excursion on Two Different Approaches to Paleographical Decipherment

來國龍(LAI Guolong)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 6期 (2019/08) Pp. 187-224

摘要

本文通過回顧清華簡和安大簡中與傳世文獻中的「穫」和「刈」字對讀的楚簡文字的考釋，和包山簡、郭店簡、上博簡中與「竊」、「察」、「淺」、「辯」等字對讀的幾個楚簡文字的考釋，來討論古文字考釋的方法論問題。作者認為面對「言語異聲、文字異形」比較嚴重的戰國文字，在考釋的方法論上應該有一個轉折：從原先「以形為主」的方法，轉變到「音形義綜合」的方法。作者利用具體的考釋事例，指出古文字考釋中「以形為主」的方法的弊端，呼籲在古文字考釋中更嚴格、細緻、清晰地進行音韻分析，加強上古音與古文字的整合研究，把古文字研究進一步科學化。

關鍵字

歺 ； ���� ； 古文字考釋 ； 以形為主 ； 音形義綜合

並列摘要

By reviewing the history of our understanding of several related graphs with the elements of E or Xie in the recently excavated Warring States manuscripts, this article discusses two different approaches to paleographic decipherment of the Warring States Chu script. The author argues that in the decipherment of the Warring States script, in which there recorded varieties of sounds and speeches and multiplicities of graphic variants, the method of decipherment should also shift from the previously graph-centered analysis to a combination of the phonetic, graphic, and semantic analysis. The author points out the pitfalls in the current scholarly literature on paleographic decipherment, and suggests a more rigorous phonological approach to paleographic decipherment.

並列關鍵字

E ； Xie ； paleographic decipherment ； a graph-centered analysis ； a combination of the phonetic, graphic, and semantic analysis