The Middle Chinese initials of shi 氏and shi 視 are Chan 禪, and this means the initials in Old Chinese may have either been a velar *ɡ- or a dental *d-. Li Fang-kuei and Zheng-Zhang Shangfang reconstructed them as a velar initial based on some phonetic series. However, judging from more abundant phonetic series, loans, and paronyms in ancient scripts with secure dates, their Old Chinese initials should be a dental *d-.