屏東縣埔姜山遺址調查報告

Report of an Archaeological Survey of the Pu-chiang-shan Site, Ping-tung Co

劉益昌(Yih-Chang Liu)

《臺灣省立博物館年刊》 28卷 (1985/12) Pp. 1-25

https://doi.org/10.6548/ATMB.198512_28.0001

摘要

埔姜山遺址位於屏東縣來義鄉西側與屏東平原接壤的緩斜坡台地上。是屏東平原東側山麓地帶，近年來發現的重要遺址之一。經過初步調查發現廿二處受道路及農耕破壞而露出於地表的石棺、六處火塘和不少的石器、陶器。石棺是由多塊片狀砂岩石板組合而成的長方形石棺。長軸方向主要爲東西向，頭部可能向東。火塘平面近於圓形。中含大量的木炭和陶片，火燒石。陶器以紅色或褐色素面夾砂陶爲主。石器則有石斧、石鋤、石犁、石刀等農具；箭頭，大型尖狀器，兩縊型網墜等漁獵用具，石（石奔）、磨石、石槌等各種製造工具。此外並有形制相當罕見的匙形石器。從石器的多樣性可以推知當時人生活的方式也許是以農業爲主，輔以狩獵、漁撈。石器羣的明顯特徵是磨製所佔的比例相當高、部分石器的大型化。這個遺址和屏東縣滿州鄉的响林遺址相當類似。和台南台地附近典型的南部地區史前文化如牛稠子文化、大湖文化均有所不同，也許是地方性的適應與演化所致。

並列摘要

The Pu-chiang-shan site is located on the slope of a terrace adjoining the Ping-tung Plain, in the western part of Lai-yi District, Ping-tung County. It is one of the important archaeological sites recently discoverd in the region of the eastern foothills bounding the Ping-tung Plain. Initial survey work has identified 22 stone slab tombs, 6 hearths and significant members of stone tool and pottery remains all exposed on the ground surface as the result of road construction and agricaltural cultivation The tombs are rectangular in plain, and composed of numerous sandstone slabs. Their long axes are principally oriented E-W direction, the head of the interred possibly at the eastern end. Hearths is roundish in plain. Abundant quantities of burned stones. charcal and pottery sherds were found within. Pottery sherds are principally plain sandy, red or brown ware. Stone tools include such agricultural types as axes, hoes, plows and knives; such hunting and fishing implements as arrowheads, massive points and double-ended net sinkers; and such manufacturing tools as adzes grindstones and hammers. In addition, a single find of a rare ＂spatula＂ shaped stone artifact was made. The inventory of stone tool types suggests that agriculture was the principal subsistance activity of the former inhabitants of the site supplemented by hunting and fishing. A high percentage of ground stone implements and a component of massive forms, are notable characteristics of the lithic assemblage Remains from this site closely resemble those from the Hsiang-lin site in Man- chou District, Ping-tung County. Their dissimilarity to characteristic South Taiwan prehistoric culturs known in the terrace region of Tai-nan such as the Niu-chou- tzu culture and Ta-hu culture, suggests the effects of local ecological adaptions and development. The observed differences may also reflect a relatively later date for the pu-chiang-shan Site respect to that of the Tai-nan area cultures mentioned above.