高美灘地移棲鳥類的組成、季節性分布與豐度

Composition, seasonal distribution and abundance of migrant birds at the coastal mudflat of Kaomei, Taichung County, Taiwan

顏重威(Chung-wei Yen)

《臺灣省立博物館年刊》 37卷 (1994/12) Pp. 69-88

https://doi.org/10.6548/ATMB.199412_37.0005

摘要

自1993年1月至12月，每個月二次赴高美灘地做鳥類的種數調査，目的在瞭解此灘地鳥類的組成、豐度、停留期間及季節性分布。高美灘地緊鄰於台中港北端或大甲溪口南岸，位於東經120°33'，北緯24°19'，其潮間帶縱深約1.5公里，海岸長約2公里，調査面積共300公頃。歷經一年24次的調查，共記錄鳥類7科55種12681隻。鷸科和鴴科依序分別爲25和7種，佔調查總種數的58.2％。此二科大多爲春秋二季過境鳥，少數爲冬候鳥。鴨科、鷗科和鷺科依序分別爲8、7和6種，佔調查總種數的38.2％。鴨科都是冬候鳥。鷗科中3種海鷗是冬候鳥，3種燕鷗爲過境鳥，另小燕鷗夏季在此地繁殖。鷺科中3種爲夏候鳥，3種爲冬候鳥。豐度最多的鳥類依序爲環頸鴴（Charadrius alexandrinus）、小白鷺（Egretta garzetta）、濱鷸（Calidris alpina）和尖尾鴨（Anas acuta）。種多樣性指數和豐度以4月之春季過境鳥最高。

關鍵字

高美灘地 ； 移棲鳥類 ； 組成 ； 季節性分布 ； 豐度

並列摘要

Migratory birds were censused bi-monthly during 1993 at the coastal mudflat of Kaomei in west central Taiwan (120° 33'E, 24° 19'N). A total of 12681 individuals, representing 55 species and 7 families were observed. Twenty-five species of Scolopacidae and seven species of Charadridae were recorded. Number of species combined in these two families comprised of 58.2% of the total number of species. Most species in Scolopacidae and Charadridae were spring and fall transients, with few winter visitors. There were 8, 7, and 6 species of birds recorded for Anatidae, Laridae, and Ardeidae, respectively. Number of species combined in these 3 families comprised of 38.2 % of the total number of species. all Members of Anatidae were winter visitors. Within the family Laridae, There were 3 species of gulls and terns were known to be winter visitors and migrants, respectively. The little tern (sterna allibrons) was the only species known to select the study site as breeding ground during summer. Among members of Ardeidae, 3 species were known as summer visitors, whereas the other 3 species were winter visitors. Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius), Little egret (Egretta garzetta), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), and Pintail (Anas acuta) were most abundance among all species. The highest species diversity occurred in early spring (April) when migratory birds were most common. Sharply reduced in number of birds was correlated with heavy river run-off, indicating a possible environmental factor that regulates the abundance of migratory birds at the study site.

並列關鍵字

Kaomei coastal mudflat ； migrant birds ； composition ； seasonal distribution ； abundance