臺灣天然林之羣落生態研究（二）－大屯山區植羣生態之研究

SYNECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE NATURAL FOREST OF TAIWAN (II) AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE VEGETATION OF TA-TUN MOUNTAIN AREA

劉棠瑞(LIU TANG-SHUI) ； 陳明哲(CHEN MING-CHE)

《臺灣省立博物館科學年刊》 19卷 (1976/12) Pp. 1-43

https://doi.org/10.6548/ATMA.197612_19.0001

摘要

大屯山區位於臺灣北端，爲一獨立之火山羣，以富於溫泉馳名。就氣候條件觀之，其植羣應屬暖溫帶常綠濶葉樹林，然實際現存之植羣，除森林外，尚具備了水生植物與草本植物二種羣落，而且均自本山羣噴發形成之後，即長期存在著。本論文分別調查及描述這三種羣落，並以森林羣落爲焦點，在整個山區，設置42個5x20m2之樣區。就所得的數據，以森下係數之公式，計算每兩個樣區之相似性質，並以單一聯結法，進行羣團分析。連結後的樣區羣，呈現與海拔高、方位及土壤等因子有密切的關連，且與演替的階段符合。大屯山區之森林羣落，可以紅楠與大葉楠羣叢名之。演替可分爲濕生序列及乾生序列，分别由四周海拔較低處，向中央區海拔較高處推進。濕生演替序列，係由數水生植羣，經楓香過渡單叢，進入以紅楠，大葉楠爲優勢種的森林斌落;乾生演替序列，由五節芒過渡單叢，經臺灣箭竹過渡單叢、昆欄樹過渡單叢，然後進入以紅楠大葉楠爲優勢種的森林羣落。造林地之演替，亦循乾生序列進行。楓香與昆欄樹爲大屯山區森林羣落演替之主要先驅樹，如能善用其天然更新之能力，在沼澤區及草原上，進行塊状造林，當能縮短演替所需之時間，使植彼迅速由草原而進入森林羣落之狀態。大屯山區位於臺灣北端，爲一獨立之火山羣，以富於溫泉馳名。就氣候條件觀之，其植羣應屬暖溫帶常綠闊葉樹林，然實際現存之植羣，除森林外，尚具備了水生植物與草本植物二種羣落，而且均自本山羣噴發形成之後，即長期存在著。本論文分别調查及描述這三種羣落，並以森林羣落爲焦點，在整個山區，設置42個5x20m^2之樣區。就所得的數據，以森下係數之公式，計算每兩個樣區之相似性質，並以單一聯結法，進行羣團分析。連結後的樣區羣，呈現與海拔高，方位及土壤等因子有密切的關連，且與演替的階段符合。大屯山區之森林羣落，可以紅楠與大葉楠羣叢名之。演替可分爲濕生序列及乾生序列，分别由四周海拔較低處，向中央區海拔較高處推進。濕生演替序列，係由數水生植羣，經楓香過渡單叢，進入以紅楠，大葉楠爲優勢種的森林羣落；乾生演替序列，由五節芒過渡單叢，經臺灣箭竹過渡單叢，昆欄樹過渡單叢，然後進入以紅楠大葉楠爲優勢種的森林羣落。造林地之演替，亦循乾生序列進行。楓香與昆欄樹爲大屯山區森林羣落演替之主要先驅樹，如能善用其天然更新之能力在沼澤區及草原上，進行塊狀造林，當能縮短演替所需之時間，使植被迅速由草原而進入森林羣落之狀態。

並列摘要

The area of Ta-tun Mountain is an islolated volcanic group situated in the northern part of Taiwan. According to the climate condition, its vegetation should be, theoretically, a warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest. But, in fact, there are still two types of communities, namely hydrophytic and herbaceoue, besides the forest. They make up the whole vegetation of this area and are found to be in existence since the formation of this volcanic group. The three types of communities are investigated and described separately, and with more intensive treatment on the forest community. Forty-two sample plots of forests from eighteen lines on the slopes of various exposures were thoroughly investigated. Single linkage clustering technique is used to evaluate the interrelationship among these plots. Plot groups thus obtained are found closely related to the altitude, exposures and soil factors, and corresponded with the succession stages. The composition of the forest of Ta-tun Mountain Area is chiefly regarded as a Machilus thunber gii-Machilus kusanoi association, which is accomplished by way of both hydrarch and xerarch successions from the lower circumjacent areas to the higher central region. The hydrarch types of the vegatation are several hydrophy tic communities these are changed in turn into the Liquidambar formosana consocies in scconsion i while the serial stages of xerarch succession are Miscanthus floridulus, Sinobambusa kunishit and T'rochodendron aralioides consocies in order. Both of these two succession linos end in a mesophytic composition the climax community of which is the Machilus thunbergii-Machilus kusanoi association. The most obvious pioneer forests of Ta-tun Mountain Area are Liquidamibar formosana and Trochodendron aralioides consocies. In order to accelerate succession stages and to hasten the establishment of foresta from herbaceous community, a suggestion is made in this report to choose Liquidambar formosana and Trochodendron aralioides as starting materials for artificial planting.