臺北地區十七種常見蚊類對冷血動物吸血嗜好性之研究

FEEDING PREDILECTION OF SEVENTEEN COMMON MOSQUITO SPECIES FOR COLDBLOODED ANIMAL IN TAIPEI AREA

蔣時賢 ； 連日清 ； 徐世傑

《臺灣省立博物館科學年刊》 19卷 (1976/12) Pp. 105-129

https://doi.org/10.6548/ATMA.197612_19.0003

摘要

1974年9月至11月以及1975年6月至1976年4月間於臺北地區採集13種蚊類，於實驗室中觀察其對兩棲類（兩種蛙，一種蟾蜍），爬蟲類（蛇、四脚蛇、龜各一種）以及雞，小白鼠之吸血情形，所得結果如下：（1）熱帶家蚊Cx. p. fatigans在野外主要吸取哺乳類及鳥類之血液，在實驗室中對蛇、四脚蛇、龜等都會吸血，且對蛇之吸血率很高，但不吸取兩棲類之血。（2）三斑家蚊Cx. t. summorosus，二斑家蚊Cx. bitaeniorhynchus.白脛家蚊Cx. vagaus，白腹叢蚊Ar . subalbatus等在野外以吸取哺乳類及鳥類血液爲主，在實驗室中對爬蟲類，兩棲類等都不吸血。（3）花翅家蚊Cr. neormimulus，灰胸家蚊Cx. pallidothorax. 林氏家蚊Cx. hayashii等在自然界之吸血情形不明，在實驗室中花翅家蚊會吸取小白鼠之血（吸血率8％）；灰胸家蚊能吸取龜血（吸血率4％）；而林氏家蚊對小雞、小白鼠等都不吸血。（4）白線黑斑蚊Ae. albopictus在自然界主要吸取大型哺乳類之血，在實驗室中此種蚊子會吸蛇、龜和小白鼠之血，但對前二者之吸血率不高（各爲15％）。東郷黑斑蚊Ae. togoi在自然界之吸血情形不明，在實驗室中對蛇、蟾蜍、小白鼠等都能吸血。（5）灰色長脗蚊 Tp. aranoides和二斑小蚊Ur. bimaculata在自然界之吸血情形鮮為人知，在實驗家中前者能吸蛇、龜、小白鼠血，然吸血率不高；後者則對所有供試動物都不吸血。（6）中華瘧蚊An. sinensis在實驗室中祇吸取雞血，而不吸其他供試動物之血。1976年3月至4月間在桃園龍壽村山洞中以吸蟲管所採集到之蚊子Cx. sp.和Ur. sp. 經血清沈降反應測定之結果，發現此二種蚊子各有一隻吸食蛙血。而1975年9月到11月間在公館地區燈誘所得7種蚊子，經血清沈降反應測定之結果顯示所有吸血雌蚊都無吸取冷血動物的情形。又血淸沈降反應進行時，供試之血食若在蚊體內停留時間超過24小時，則無法精確測出其血食來源。

並列摘要

The present study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the predilection of mosquitoes for cold-blooded animal. Seventeen species of mosquitoes generally distributed in the Taipei district were used in this work. The animals tested in the laboratory included one species each of snake (Natrix stolata), lizard (Eumeces chinesis), turtle (Ocadia sinensis) representing reptilian; two species of frogs (Rana longicrus, Rana limnocharis) and one species of toad (Bufobankorensis) representing amphibian. In addition to these, chicken and mice were also separately exposed to a total of 2401 starved female mosquitoes of 13 species in a breeding cage (30 x 30 x 40cm) during Sep. to Nov. in 1974 and June 1975 to April 1976. The tested mosquitoes were Anopheles sinensis, Tripteroides aranoides, Uran otaenia bimaculata, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Ae. togoi, Culex. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. neomimulus, Cx. p. fatigans, Cx. t. summorosus, Cx. vagans, Cx. pailidothorax, Cx. hayashii The following results are obtained: Cx. p. fatigans fed readily on snake, lizard. turtle as well as chickens and mice, but they did not feed on amphibian. Cx. t. summorosus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. neomimulus, Cx vagans fed on neither amphibian nor reptilian; Cx. pallidothorax fed relutantly on turtle; Cx. hayashii did not feed on chickens and mice in the laboratory; Ae. albopictus fed on both snake and turtle, Ae. togoi fed on both snake and toad, but its feding rates are not so high. Ar. subalbatus and An. sinensis been known as Zoophilic in nature fed only on chicken in the laboratory. As to Tp. aranoides and Ur. bimaculata, whose natural feeding preference had been poorly known, the former fed relutantly on snake and turtle, but the latter fed on none of the animals tested.