甲午海戰史(上)

First Sino-Japanese War

黃征輝(Jeng-huei HWANG)

《海軍學術雙月刊》 48卷3期 (2014/06) Pp. 6-24

https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.201406_48(3).0001

摘要

一、1868年日本明治維新成功，隨即將地大物博的清王朝做為最終目標。二、同一時期，中國知識分子亦發起洋務運動（又稱自強運動），然朝廷內鬥不休，終而功虧一簣。三、甲午海戰的起因是朝鮮內亂，其過程包含規模較小、掀起戰端的豐島海戰，以及規模較大、決定勝敗的黃海海戰。豐島海戰北洋水師雖然慘敗，所幸雙方參戰兵力有限，對大局無關鍵的影響。四、黃海海戰是一場硝煙蔽海、砲聲震天的惡戰。雙方參戰兵力之眾、激鬥之烈、歷時之久、傷亡之重，均為世界近代海戰史所罕見。黃海海戰日本一艦未沉，北洋水師損失戰艦5艘、重創7艘，人員傷亡過半。自此北洋水師再無能力和日本聯合艦隊在海上獨立周旋。

關鍵字

脫亞論：明治時期著名的思想家及教育家福澤諭吉所提倡的思想，普遍被認為是日本思想界對亞洲的「絕交書」 ； 阿思本(Osborn)艦隊：清朝第一支外購的現代艦隊 ； 螺式砲閂；使用「螺蚊」方式結合砲管尾端的砲閂 ； 楔式砲閂：又稱切斷式砲閂，為使用垂直上下（立式）或左右移動（橫式）方式封閉砲管尾端的砲閂。

並列摘要

1. With the success of Meiji Restoration in 1868, vast territory and abundant resources of Ching Dynasty becomes the ultimate goal of Japan. 2. At the same time, the Chinese intellectuals launched a campaign of Westernization Movement (Self-Strengthening Movement); nevertheless, continuous infightings of the Ching Dynasty resulted this campaign in vain. 3. The causes of First Sino-Japanese War is the internal disorder of Chosun, which includes relatively smaller-scale of The Battle of Pungdo and the big-scale and vital Battle of the Yalu River. Though the battle of Pungdo was a failure due to limited war troops of The Beiyang Fleet, it did not affect too much of the general picture. 4. Battle of the Yalu River is a fierce war with smoke of gunpower and thunder of guns. Large amount of war troops of each side had a fierce battle with long lasting time period, which caused serious injuries and deaths. Battle of the Yalu River was a rare war in the recent sea battle history. None of Japanese battleships sank but 5 of the Beiyang Fleet's battleships sank and 7 of them damaged and over-half amount of troops injured and dead. Since then, the Beiyang Fleet's had no capabilities to independently defeat with Japanese united battleships.

並列關鍵字

Datsu-A Ron: is an idea which was advocated by a famous thinker and educator, Jiji Shimpo in meiji restoration, which widely and generally is believed by the Japanese thinkers that it is a break off relations letter ； Osborn Battleships Fleet: Ching Dynasty's very first outside purchased modern battleships fleet ； Gewinde breechblock: a gewinde metal block combined with barrel's tail ； Wedge breechblock: so called cut-off breechblock, with vertical or horizontal methods to block the barrel's tail