梨樹上棉蚜、橘捲葉蚜及蘋果蚜（同翅目：常蚜科）等三種蚜蟲之形態辨別

Morphological Identification of Three Different Aphids, Aphis gossypii, A. citricola, and A. pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Pear

郭美華(Mei-Hwa Kuo) ； 姜林蕙(Lin-Hui Chiang) ； 杜武俊(Wu-Chun Tu)

《台灣昆蟲》 21卷4期 (2001/12) Pp. ii+309-320

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2001025

摘要

棉蚜（Aphis gossypii Glover 1877）、橘捲葉蚜（A citricola van der Goot 1912）及蘋果蚜（A. pomi de Geer 1773）可同時在梨樹（Pyrus serotina）危害，形態相似辨別困難，本文利用掃描式電子顯微鏡及光學顯微鏡觀察並測量棉蚜、橘捲葉蚜及蘋果蚜三種蚜蟲成蟲的觸角、腹管及尾毛等形態特徵以之辨別，三種蚜蟲體長相近，介於0.900-1.640 mm之間。觸角長介於0.540-1.080 mm之間。觸角佔體長約3/5至3/4之間。棉蚜和橘捲葉蚜有翅型於觸角第三節上皆具8個圓形副感覺圈排成一列，第四節無感覺圈，第五節末端有一個具纖毛之圓形原始感覺圈，觸角第六節基部與端部的分界處則有1團由7個具纖毛的原始感覺圈組成，而蘋果蚜有翅型成蟲與上述二種蚜蟲最大差異在於其觸角第三節上具9個圓形副感覺圈，第四節具5個圓形副感覺圈，第五節末端除具一個纖毛原始感覺圈外，尚有3個圓形副感覺圈。三種蚜蟲的腹管均呈長管型，有覆瓦狀紋，其中以蘋果蚜的腹管最為細長（無翅型平均0.360 mm），尾片均為圓錐形，尾片長度以無翅型蘋果蚜者為最長（0.183 mm），腹管長與尾片長相比介於1.653-2.010間，亦以無翅型蘋果蚜者明顯較其他者大（2.010）。棉蚜的尾毛數目介於4-6根之間，橘捲葉蚜的尾毛數目則介於8-12根之間，而蘋果蚜的尾毛數目最多介於12-16根，因橘捲葉蚜與蘋果蚜的尾毛數目於12根之處重疊，因此應加以比較無翅型腹管長度及有翅型觸角第四、五節副感覺器之有無，以輔助判斷。

關鍵字

棉蚜 ； 橘捲葉蚜 ； 蘋果蚜 ； 梨 ； 掃描式電子顯微鏡

並列摘要

Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover 1877), citrus aphid (A. citricola van der Goot 1912), and apple aphid (A. pomi de Geer 1773) can damage pear (Pyrus serotina) simultaneously, and their morphological similarity makes identification difficult. The purpose of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to study the morphology and characters of antennae, siphunculi, and caudas of the cotton aphid, citrus aphid, and apple aphid in order to be able to identify them. The body lengths of the three aphids are similar, at between 0.900 and 1.640 mm; the antennae are adorned with imbrications and lengths are between 0.540 and 1.080 mm or about 3/5-3/4 of body length. There are eight round secondary rhinaria in a row on the 3th antennal segment, no rhinarium on the 4th antennal segment, and a ciliated primary rhinarium on the 5th antennal segment of alate cotton and citrus aphids. The 6th antennal segment is divided into two parts: the basal part carries a cluster of seven ciliated primary rhinaria on its distal end; and a terminal process. The greatest difference between alate apple aphid and the other two species is the nine round secondary rhinaria on the 3rd antennal segment and five on the 4th antennal segment. The 5th antennal segment has three round secondary rhinaria except a ciliated primary rhinarium on its distal end. The siphunculi of these three aphids are tube-like and adorned with imbrications. The siphunculi of apple aphid is the longest (about 0.360 mm for apterae). The shape of cauda is conoid. The length of the cauda of apterae apple aphid is the longest (0.183 mm), the ratio of siphunculus and cauda length is between 1.653 and 2.010, and the apterae apple aphid is significantly larger (2.010). The cauda of the cotton aphid usually has four-six hairs, but cauda of the citrus aphid usually has eight-12 hairs, while the apple aphid usually has 12 -16 cauda setae. Because the number of cauda setae shows a slight overlap between apple and citrus aphids, comparison of the siphunculi of apterae and secondary rhinaria on the 4th and 5th antennal segments of alate adult should be made for identification.

並列關鍵字

Aphis gossypii ； A. citricola ； A. pomi ； pear ； SEM