饑餓對欒樹圓尾蚜（同翅目：毛蚜科）族群發展及族群介量之影響

Effect of Starvation on Population Development and Population Parameters of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Chaitophoridae)

劉玉章(Yu-Chang Liu) ； 江東運(Tung-Yun Chiang) ； 郭美華(Mei-Hwa Kuo)

《台灣昆蟲》 23卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. v+209-224

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2003020

摘要

以飢餓減少母蚜營養之攝取量，探討營養對欒樹圓尾蚜母蚜壽命、繁殖率及其子蚜之存活率與有翅型比率之影響。以飢餓24、28、36、48及72小時之不同飢餓時間處理及每日飢餓4、12、16及20小時之連續處理方式，進行試驗評估。不同飢餓時間處理對母蚜壽命並無顯著影響，母蚜壽命介於8.5至12日之間；繁殖率隨飢餓之時間增加而降低，但於飢餓36小時內不受影響，以僅飢餓24小時平均每隻母蚜可產33.0隻子蚜為最多，而以飢餓72小時處理之15.7隻子蚜∕♀為最少；子蚜之存活率，亦隨飢餓之時間增加而降低，以72小時飢餓處理最低為41.8%，無飢餓之對照組為93.7%最高；僅飢餓24與28小時處理時有有翅型子蚜產生，高峰出現於母蚜第三日齡。每日不同飢餓時間連續處理下，母蚜壽命隨飢餓時間延長而減短，以每日飢餓20小時之4.9日為最短；繁殖率隨每日飢餓時間增加而減少，以每日20小時飢餓處理之11.2隻子蚜∕♀為最少；子蚜存活率亦隨每日飢餓時間之增加而降低，每日20小時飢餓處理之子蚜存活率僅66.5%；每日4、12、16及20小時飢餓處理會使母蚜產有翅子蚜，且以第二日齡母蚜為產有翅子蚜之高峰。饑餓處理下其齡別存活率（l_x）提早下降，50%自然死亡時間較早，齡別繁殖率（m_x）高峰會提前，其族群介量：內在增殖率（r）、淨增殖率（R_0）降低，平均世代時間（T）縮短，終極增殖率（λ）減小，即使母蚜飢餓72小時或每日飢餓20小時，其族群依然呈正成長。

關鍵字

欒樹圓尾蚜 ； 飢餓 ； 族群介量

並列摘要

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of brief spells of starvation or consecutive daily brief spells of starvation on the longevity and fecundity of adults, and the survival rate as well as the proportion of alate progeny of the goldenrain tree aphid, Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi). The longevity of adults, which ranged from 8.5 to 12 days, was not significantly affected by starvation treatments. Yet, fecundity was reduced by starvation for over 36 hours, with the highest fecundity of 33.0 offspring/female with 24-hour starvation and the lowest of 15.7 offspring/ female with 72-hour starvation. The survival rate of progeny was also reduced by starvation, and 72-hour starvation resulted in the lowest survival of 41.8 %, in contrast to the 93.7% survival of control aphids. Alate progeny were recorded only with 24- and 48-hour starvation treatments, and the peak appearance of alate progenies was observed for 3-day-old adult aphids. The longevity and fecundity of adults and the survival rate of progeny were reduced by on increasing duration of the daily starvation period and reached the lowest with respective values of 4.9 days, 11.2 offspring/female, and 66.5% with 20-hour daily starvation. Adults starved for 4, 12, 16, and 20 hours daily produced alate progeny, with 2-day-old adults having the highest percentage. Starvation treatments resulted in an early decline in the age-specific survivorship (l_x) of adults, an early appearance of 50% natural mortality time and top fecundity (m_x), as well as a reduction in population parameters, e.g., r, R_0, t, and λ. The population could still grow even when adults were continuously starved daily for 20 or 72 hours.

並列關鍵字

Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) ； starvation ； population parameters