- 期刊
- OpenAccess
溫度與寄主植物對柑桔木蝨（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama）族群介量之影響
Effects of Temperature and Host Plant on Population Parameters of the Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)
摘要
本試驗選定芸香科（Rutaceae）之月桔（Murraya paniculata（L.）Jack）、椪桔（Citrus reticulata Blanco）及金桔（Fortunella margarita（Lour.）Swingle）為寄主植物，分別在16、20、24、28及32℃下飼養柑桔木蝨（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama），觀察記錄其發育、存活率、壽命、繁殖力，並求其族群介量。柑桔木蝨在月桔、椪柑、金桔上，從卵到成蟲的平均發育時間均以在16℃下最長，依序為56.6、59.9及56.7天；在28℃下最短，依序為15.5、15.0及14.6天。從卵到成蟲之發育臨界低溫（α）依序為11.25、12.75及13.00℃，而有效積溫（K）皆為250日度。存活率也以在28℃下最高，依序為82.9、63.3及77.0％；在16℃下最低，依序為9.3、37.8及18.2％。成蟲在三種植物16℃下及椪柑32℃下不易存活亦不產卵外，平均壽命大致隨溫度升高而縮短，平均產卵數均以在28℃下最多，分別為616.5、523.5及795.5粒。內在增殖率（r）均以在28℃下最高，分別為0.254、0.221及0.182，終極增殖率（λ）亦以在28℃下最高，分別為1.289、1.247及1.196，淨生殖率（Ro）亦然，在28℃下分別為319.56、265.27及380.68，族群倍增時間（DT）同樣以在28℃下最短，分別為2.7、3.1及3.8天，平均世代時間（T）依序為22.7、25.3及32.7天。綜觀上述，柑桔木蝨生長繁殖的最適溫度在24～28℃間，而三種植物中以月桔為最適合之寄主。
並列摘要
The development, survivorship, longevity, fecundity, and population parameters of the citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama were studied at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C on three Rutaceae plants. The measured parameters listed below are for jasmine orange, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack; ponkan, Citrus reticulata Blanco; and kumquat, Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle, respectively. The average developmental period from egg to adult varied from 56.6, 59.9, and 56.7 days at 16°C, to 15.5, 15.0, and 14.6 days at 28°C. The low temperature developmental threshold from egg to adult was 11.25, 12.75, and 13.00°C, and the cumulated effective temperature was 250 degree-days on all three plants. The survival rate also varied from 82.9, 63.3, and 77.0% at 28°C, to 9.3, 37.8, and 18.2% at 16°C. Adults reared at 16oC on all three plants and at 32°C on ponkan failed to survive and reproduce. The mean longevity of females decreased with increasing temperature. A female on average laid 616.5, 523.5, and 795.5 eggs at 28°C. The cohorts reared at 28°C had the highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.254, 0.221, and 0.182); finite rate of increase (1.289, 1.247, and 1.196); net reproductive rate (319.56, 265.27, and 380.68); and shortest population doubling time (2.7, 3.1, and 3.8days); and mean generation time (22.7, 25.3, and 32.7 days). Accordingly, we concluded that the optimal temperature range for D. citri population growth was 24-28°C, and jasmine orange was the most suitable host plant among the three plants tested.