「一國兩制」的台灣與金門：生於冷戰時期同代女性生命歷程分析

Taiwan and Kinmen under "One Country and Two Systems": Intra-cohort Analysis on female life courses who born in Cold War Period

劉香蘭(Hsiang-Lan Liu)

《台灣鄉村研究》 17期 (2022/12) Pp. 1-53

摘要

冷戰蔓延東亞牽動國共內戰，蔣介石退守台灣，金門成為捍衛台灣的前線，在「工業台灣、軍事金門」戰略下，不同制度脈絡如何形塑出生於台、金女性生命歷程？冷戰結束至今，兩地再度變遷，對進入中高年齡的她們有甚麼影響？秉持生命歷程研究的原則，透過世代分化策略，運用訪談和次級資料方析，將13位出生於冷戰時期女性（台灣7位、金門6位）的生命史連結制度脈絡。主要發現：兩種戒嚴、兩種解嚴的「一國兩制」持續拉大兩地發展的落差，型塑兩地同代女性多元化生命歷程。戒嚴時期，台灣形成「時間接續的制度」和「串聯的制度」，女性呈現去脈絡生命歷程樣態；金門建構性別與年齡交錯「軍事化時間接續的制度」，女性置身於多重網絡。解嚴後至今，金門快速發展「時間接續的制度」和「串聯的制度」，「毗鄰的制度」在台、金先後發展，型塑兩種老年女性領域參與的樣態。她們一生反映一國有兩種生命歷程體制，領域參與的輪廓鑲嵌兩地相關制度的多重性與關係。

關鍵字

生命歷程研究 ； 世代分析 ； 金門學 ； 冷戰 ； 生命歷程體制

並列摘要

During the cold war, the military standoff between Chiang Kai-shek's Republic of China in Taiwan (ROC) and Mao Zedong's People's Republic of China (PRC) was outbreak that contributed to retreat of Chiang Kai-shek's army to Taiwan. At same time, Quemoy was forced to become the frontline to protect Taiwan's security. After the Martial law was implemented, two different institutions were constructed in Taiwan and Quemoy under framework of "industrialized Taiwan and militarized Quemoy". This paper attempts to discover the relationships between historical events, social changes with life courses of female intra-cohort who grew up in Taiwan and Quemoy in Cold War period. Adopting strategy of cohort differentiation and connecting with interviews with secondary analysis, 13 women (those7 born in Taiwan and 6 born in Quemoy in1945-1958 under Cold war) were participants. The main findings are that the female life courses were different shaped by the framework of "One Country and Two Systems" in two places. In martial law period, the age-based and work-oriented sequential institutions were male-centered, thereby female life courses were de-attached process in Taiwan. In Kinmen, sequential institutions were military centered with age and gender and they participated multiple-networks. After the lifting of martial law, two kinds of life pictures within female intra-cohort by rapidly development of the age-based and work-oriented sequential institutions, tandem institutions in Kinmen and different development of adjacent institutions in two places. Their life courses reflect two kinds of life courses regimes and their participation profiles about domains are embedded with multicity and interrelations of relevant institutions.

並列關鍵字

life course study ； life course regime ； cohort study ； cold war ； Quemoy