RECIPROCAL VERBS IN MANDARIN

汉语中的交互动词

吴俊雄(WU Jiun-Sbiung)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series》 19期 (2003/06) Pp. 58-95

摘要

This paper is a study of reciprocal verbs in Mandarin, which are derived by replacing one syllable of the verb stem with the reciprocal prefix hu 'RCP', the first syllable of the reciprocal adverbial huxiang 'mutually'. A reciprocal verb can either reduce or retain the valence of its verb stem. It reduces the valence of its verb stem by binding off one of the arguments of its verb stem. This kind of reciprocal verb is called a Valence-Reduced (VR) reciprocal verb. A reciprocal verb retains the valence of its verb stem by inducing a binding relation between the subject of the reciprocal verb and its other argument. The reciprocal verbal prefix hu is argued to be responsible for the valence reduction/retention of reciprocal verbs. The Thematic Role Hierarchy is argued to determine which argument of the verb stem of a reciprocal verb is bound off or anaphoircally bound. Lexical-Mapping Theory is used to mark the bound argument of the verb stem. A lexical binding rule binds this bound argument with the highest thematic role on the argument structure to form a composite thematic role. This is how a VR reduces the valence of its verb stem. For a VI to retain the valence of its verb stem, a syntactic binding rule marks the highest thematic role on the argument structure with ANT(ECEDENT) and the bound argument with ANA(PHOR). All of the arguments on the argument structure are mapped to grammatical functions (GFs). The Inside-out Functional Uncertainty determines exactly which GF can be anaphorically bound.

並列摘要

本篇旨在讨汉语交互动词，如互赠，互踢等的语法现象。当「互」与动词词干结合时，所形成之交互动词可与原词干拥有相同之论元数，或减少原词干之论元数，不管是维持原词干之论元数或减少其论元数，「互」影响相同之论元。本篇欲探讨与交互动词有关之三个问题。一、那些论元可以被约束？何种机制可以决定此一约束现象？二、对方/彼此可出现在句中的那些位置？有何机制可解释此一现象？三、交互动词允不允许长程约束？如果允许，有何种机制及条件？本篇将论证，论元的约束发生在论元结构，而论旨角色阶级决定可约束的论元为何。其它如句法功能（GF）或斜格性（obliqueness）均不影响此一约束现象。并利用词汇功能语法（Lexical Functional Grammar）中的词汇映照理论（Lexical Mapping Theory）与由内而外的功能不确定等式（Inside-out Functional Uncertainty Equations）来解释此类动词的句法现象。