试析闽南方言常用否定词语义演变的模式

闽南方言单音节否定词中除了沿袭古汉语否定词的用法之外，在历时的发展过程中，语义的演变有其独特的模式。转类过程中有虚化，虚化过程中又有转类的现象，并且形成了地域特征。语义交叉辐射，在应用的过程中形成连锁链条。合音否定词也体现了地域的特征性。总体来说，否定词的表征和用法方面，形成沿海闽语型、内陆型、海岛型分布。综合归纳其语义演变模式的动因－语言世界、主体世界和客体世界的因素。

關鍵字

闽南方言；否定词；语义演变；转类；虚化；语言因素

並列摘要

Most of the monosyllabic negators in Southern Min dialects have maintained their usages from ancient Chinese. Some of them, however, have undergone unique semantic changes, such as shift to a different part of speech and grammaticalization depending on geographical distribution. Semantic cross-linking led to concatenations while used in context. The polysyllabic negators also reflect geographical characteristics. Overall, this article classifies the negators into three groups: Coastal Min, Inland Min, and Island Min types. This article attempts also to explain the motivations for the patterns of their semantic changes: language itself, subjective, and objective worlds.

並列關鍵字

Southern Min dialects ； Negator ； Semantic change ； Change of grammatical category ； Grammaticalization ； Linguistic factors

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试析闽南方言常用否定词语义演变的模式

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