某鄉村老年人健康促進生活型態及其相關因素之探討

Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Associated Factors among the Rural Elderly

陳婉玲(Wan-Ling Chen) ； 張怡雅(Yi-Ya Chang)

《台灣老年醫學暨老年學會雜誌》 17卷2期 (2022/05) Pp. 95-111

https://doi.org/10.29461/TGGa.202205_17(2).0001

摘要

背景：生活型態是決定人類健康的基本因素，鄉村老年人自覺健康狀況較都市老年人差，而台灣的鄉村高齡化嚴重且醫療資源較都市不足，因此了解鄉村老年人的健康與健康促進生活型態是台灣健康照護上的重要議題。目的：探討某鄉村老年人之健康促進生活型態及其相關因素。方法：採橫斷式研究，以方便取樣於苗栗縣卓蘭鎮進行結構式問卷調查並運用SPSS 18.0進行資料分析。結果：共270位個案參與本研究，問卷回收率為100%。研究結果顯示：鄉村老年人的（1）自覺健康狀況與健康促進生活型態呈正相關（p＜0.01, r=0.34），健康行為自我效能與健康促進生活型態呈正相關（p＜0.01, r=0.56）；（2）教育程度、慢性病疾病、自覺健康狀況及健康行為自我效能為健康促進生活型態之相關因素，其解釋總變異量為33.6%。結論／實務應用：此研究結果更深入了解鄉村老年人健康促進生活型態，在推廣老年人的相關健康促進方案時，應先增進老年人健康行為的自我效能。

關鍵字

老年人 ； 健康狀況 ； 自我效能 ； 健康促進生活型態

並列摘要

Background: Lifestyle is an important determinant of health. The rural elderly in general, however, demonstrates a self-perceived health status or health awareness lower than that of their urban counterparts. Allocation of medical resources among the elderly population remains a serious issue in Taiwan, and rural areas are less equipped to tackle the challenge. Health awareness and health-promoting lifestyles of the rural elderly in Taiwan is therefore a crucial issue demanding careful attention. Purpose: To explore the health-promoting lifestyle and related factors of the elderly living in rural areas. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhuolan Miaoli using convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire. SPSS 18.0 was used for data analysis. Results: In total, 270 subjects were recruited, with 100% response rate. The results showed that: (1). Self-rated health status and health-promoting lifestyle were marked with a positive correlation (p＜0.01, r=0.34), which was also detected in health self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle (p＜0.01, r=0.56). (2). Education level, chronic diseases, self-rated health status, and health self-efficacy were statistically significant predictors for health-promoting lifestyle, explaining 33.6% of total variance. Conclusion: Through the findings of this study, the health-promoting lifestyle of the rural elderly can be better understood. It is suggested that the elderly's health self-efficacy should be prioritized when promoting healthy lifestyle among the rural elderly.

並列關鍵字

the rural elderly ； health status ； self-efficacy ； health-promoting lifestyle