ON THE STRUCTURE OF /IU/ AND /UI/ IN SIXIAN HAKKA

論四縣客語/iu/與/ui/的結構

許慧娟(Hui-chuan Hsu)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 32卷1期 (2004/01) Pp. 129-156

摘要

This paper examines the structure of /iu/ and /ui/ in Sixian Hakka by means of phonological processes, syllable contraction, co-occurrence restrictions, rhyming patterns, and phonetic measurement. Except co-occurrence restrictions, which fail to reflect the compositional structure of the two diphthongs under investigation, all other linguistic evidence shows that /iu/ is a falling diphthong, and /ui/ is a rising diphthong. The result has two theoretical implications. One indicates that the X-theory (Levin 1985) together with a language-specific sonority hierarchy pinpoints the syllable structure of Sixian Hakka. The other reveals that Kiparsky's (1979) sonority scale of a ＞ e ＞ o ＞ i ＞ u holds true in Sixian Hakka.

關鍵字

Onset friction ； Syllable contraction ； Co-occurence restrictions ； rhyming patterns ； Energy amplitude

並列摘要

本文藉由音韻規律、音節縮減、共存限制、押韻型態以及語音丈量審視四縣客語/iu/與/ui/的組成結構。發現除了共存限制不足為憑，其餘的語言證據都顯示/iu/是降雙母音，而/ui/是升雙母音。本文論證結果有兩項理論上的貢獻：一是Levin (1985)的X空缺理論加上個別語言的響度排比可以確實描述四縣客語的音節結構；一是Kiparsky (1979)的響度排比a ＞ e ＞ o ＞ i ＞ u 適用於四縣客語。

並列關鍵字

聲母摩擦化 ； 音節缩减 ； 共存限制 ； 押韵类型 ； 能量强度