气嗓音与低调

本文回顾声调起源辅音说理论，并总结前人对此理论的批判。用吴语及东南亚声调语言声母与声调关系的例子来修正此理论。本文认为声调高低的起源来自于不同的发声态而非起首辅音；气嗓音是导致声调降低的直接原因；声调的高低跟辅音的清浊没有直接的关系，只有间接的关联。根据发浊塞音的肌肉紧张原理及空气动力学说，本文认为浊塞音有引起气嗓音的倾向，气嗓音再引起低调。在此基础上本文提出声调高低来源及演变的模式：浊辅音→气嗓音→低调。全文分为五部分：1.声调发生学理论与声调起源辅音说介绍；2.清浊辅音对后接元音基频的影响；3.气嗓音与低调；4.浊辅音与气嗓音的关系；5.总结。

關鍵字

发声态；气嗓音；正常嗓音；浊辅音；低调

並列摘要

This paper critically reviews the previous consonant-based account of tonogensis, and modifies this theory by using some examples of relationship between initials and tones in Wu dialects of Chinese and other Southeast Asian tonal languages. I argue that the origin of the high and low tones is induced from different phonation types rather than different consonants, and specially, the breathy voice is a primary mechanism for lowering pitch. In accordance with the physiological and aerodynamics mechanisms involved in the production of voiced consonants, breathy voice and tone, I propose that there is a tendency for voice stop to cause breathy voice, and show how low tone evolved from breathy voice developed from voiced consonants. There are five parts in this paper. Part One. The brief introduction for consonant-based account of tonogensis; Part Two. The effects of prevocalic voiceless/voiced consonants on the F0 of following vowels; Part Three. The relationship between breathy voice and low tone; Part Four. The relationship between voiced stops and breathy voice; Part Five. Conclusion.

並列關鍵字

Tonogensis ； Phonation ； Breathy voice ； Voiced consonant ； Low tone

國際替代計量

气嗓音与低调

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